Version 15 - History - Web tech - DevOps - Redmine

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jun chen, 02/13/2025 03:05 PM

-jun chen
+# Web tech
-jun chen
+{{toc}}
 jun chen
-jun chen
+## How to visualize data:
 D3 ref: https://observablehq.com/@d3/gallery  ,  https://johan.github.io/d3/ex/
 Plotly ref: https://plotly.com/javascript/
-jun chen
+---
 ### **交互功能对比**
 | **功能**               | **JavaScript/Plotly** | **Python/Plotly** |   **JavaScript/d3**  |
 |------------------------|-----------------------|-------------------|----------------------|
 | 缩放/平移              | ✔️                    | ✔️               | ✔️                  |
 | 悬停显示数值           | ✔️                    | ✔️               | ✔️                  |
 | 数据点高亮             | ✔️                    | ✔️               | ✔️                  |
 | 导出为图片（PNG/JPEG） | ✔️                    | ✔️               |✔️                  |
 | 动态更新数据           | ✔️（需额外代码）      | ❌               | ✔️                  |
 | 旧firefox支持          | ❌（globalthis）      | ?                | ✔️                  |
 ---
 jun chen
 ### js d3 csv
 ```
 // 设置图表的尺寸和边距
 const margin = {top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 40},
       width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right,
       height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
 // 设置SVG的尺寸
 const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg")
     .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
     .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
   .append("g")
     .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
 // 设置比例尺
 const x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]);
 const y = d3.scaleLinear().range([height, 0]);
 // 定义折线生成器
 const line = d3.line()
     .x((d, i) => x(i))
     .y(d => y(d.observation));
 // 读取CSV文件
 d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => {
     // 转换数据类型
     data.forEach((d, i) => {
         d.observation = +d.observation;
         d.index = i;
     });
     // 设置比例尺的域
     x.domain([0, data.length - 1]);
     y.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.observation)]);
     // 添加折线
     svg.append("path")
         .datum(data)
         .attr("class", "line")
         .attr("d", line);
     // 添加点
     svg.selectAll(".dot")
         .data(data)
       .enter().append("circle")
         .attr("class", "dot")
         .attr("cx", (d, i) => x(i))
         .attr("cy", d => y(d.observation))
         .attr("r", 5)
         .on("mouseover", function(event, d) {
             tooltip.transition()
                 .duration(200)
                 .style("opacity", .9);
             tooltip.html(`Observation: ${d.observation}<br>Label: ${d.label}`)
                 .style("left", (event.pageX + 5) + "px")
                 .style("top", (event.pageY - 28) + "px");
         })
         .on("mouseout", function(d) {
             tooltip.transition()
                 .duration(500)
                 .style("opacity", 0);
         });
     // 添加X轴
     svg.append("g")
         .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`)
         .call(d3.axisBottom(x));
     // 添加Y轴
     svg.append("g")
         .call(d3.axisLeft(y));
 });
 // 添加提示工具
 const tooltip = d3.select("body").append("div")
     .attr("class", "tooltip")
     .style("opacity", 0);
 ```
 ```
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title>D3.js Line Chart</title>
     <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.min.js"></script>
     <style>
         .line {
             fill: none;
             stroke: steelblue;
             stroke-width: 2px;
+        }
         .dot {
             fill: steelblue;
             stroke: #fff;
+        }
         .tooltip {
             position: absolute;
             text-align: center;
             width: 120px;
             height: auto;
             padding: 5px;
             font: 12px sans-serif;
             background: lightsteelblue;
             border: 0px;
             border-radius: 8px;
             pointer-events: none;
+        }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
     <div id="chart"></div>
     <script src="script.js"></script>
 </body>
 </html>
 ```
-jun chen
+### js d3 内嵌数据显示折线
 jun chen
-jun chen
+{{collapse(show code...)
-jun chen
+```
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
     <title>分段填充折线图</title>
     <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.min.js"></script>
     <style>
         .tooltip {
             position: absolute;
             background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
             border: 1px solid #ccc;
             padding: 5px;
             font-size: 12px;
             pointer-events: none;
             opacity: 0;
+        }
         .line {
             fill: none;
             stroke: black;
             stroke-width: 2;
+        }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
     <div id="chart"></div>
     <div class="tooltip" id="tooltip"></div>
     <script>
         // 示例数据
         const data = [
             { time: "2025-01-01", value: 10, description: "说明1" },
             { time: "2025-01-02", value: 15, description: "说明2" },
             { time: "2025-01-03", value: 20, description: "说明3" },
             { time: "2025-01-04", value: 25, description: "说明4" },
             { time: "2025-01-05", value: 30, description: "说明5" },
             { time: "2025-01-06", value: 35, description: "说明6" },
             { time: "2025-01-07", value: 40, description: "说明7" },
             { time: "2025-01-08", value: 45, description: "说明8" },
             { time: "2025-01-09", value: 50, description: "说明9" },
             { time: "2025-01-10", value: 55, description: "说明10" },
             { time: "2025-01-11", value: 60, description: "说明11" },
             { time: "2025-01-12", value: 65, description: "说明12" },
             { time: "2025-01-13", value: 70, description: "说明13" },
             { time: "2025-01-14", value: 75, description: "说明14" },
             { time: "2025-01-15", value: 80, description: "说明15" },
             { time: "2025-01-16", value: 85, description: "说明16" },
             { time: "2025-01-17", value: 90, description: "说明17" },
             { time: "2025-01-18", value: 95, description: "说明18" },
             { time: "2025-01-19", value: 100, description: "说明19" },
             { time: "2025-01-20", value: 105, description: "说明20" }
         ];
         // 设置图表尺寸
         const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 40 };
         const width = 800 - margin.left - margin.right;
         const height = 400 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
         // 创建 SVG 容器
         const svg = d3.select("#chart")
             .append("svg")
             .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
             .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
             .append("g")
             .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
         // 解析时间格式
         const parseTime = d3.timeParse("%Y-%m-%d");
         // 格式化数据
         data.forEach(d => {
             d.time = parseTime(d.time);
             d.value = +d.value;
         });
         // 设置比例尺
         const x = d3.scaleTime()
             .domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.time))
             .range([0, width]);
         const y = d3.scaleLinear()
             .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)])
             .range([height, 0]);
         // 添加 X 轴
         svg.append("g")
             .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`)
             .call(d3.axisBottom(x));
         // 添加 Y 轴
         svg.append("g")
             .call(d3.axisLeft(y));
         // 创建折线生成器
         const line = d3.line()
             .x(d => x(d.time))
             .y(d => y(d.value));
         // 绘制折线
         svg.append("path")
             .datum(data)
             .attr("class", "line")
             .attr("d", line);
         // 分段填充颜色
         const first10 = data.slice(0, 10);
         const last10 = data.slice(-10);
         const middle = data.slice(10, -10);
         // 填充前十个时间段的绿色区域
         svg.append("path")
             .datum(first10)
             .attr("fill", "green")
             .attr("opacity", 0.3)
             .attr("d", d3.area()
                 .x(d => x(d.time))
                 .y0(height)
                 .y1(d => y(d.value))
             );
         // 填充中间时间段的蓝色区域
         svg.append("path")
             .datum(middle)
             .attr("fill", "blue")
             .attr("opacity", 0.3)
             .attr("d", d3.area()
                 .x(d => x(d.time))
                 .y0(height)
                 .y1(d => y(d.value))
             );
         // 填充后十个时间段的红色区域
         svg.append("path")
             .datum(last10)
             .attr("fill", "red")
             .attr("opacity", 0.3)
             .attr("d", d3.area()
                 .x(d => x(d.time))
                 .y0(height)
                 .y1(d => y(d.value))
             );
         // 添加悬停交互
         const tooltip = d3.select("#tooltip");
         svg.selectAll(".dot")
             .data(data)
             .enter()
             .append("circle")
             .attr("class", "dot")
             .attr("cx", d => x(d.time))
             .attr("cy", d => y(d.value))
             .attr("r", 5)
             .attr("fill", "steelblue")
             .on("mouseover", (event, d) => {
                 tooltip.style("opacity", 1)
                     .html(`时间: ${d3.timeFormat("%Y-%m-%d")(d.time)}<br>数值: ${d.value}<br>说明: ${d.description}`)
                     .style("left", `${event.pageX + 5}px`)
                     .style("top", `${event.pageY - 20}px`);
             })
             .on("mouseout", () => {
                 tooltip.style("opacity", 0);
             });
     </script>
 </body>
 </html>
 ```
 jun chen
 }}
 jun chen
-jun chen
+### JavaScript + Plotly（纯前端实现）
 jun chen
-jun chen
+{{collapse(show code...)
-jun chen
+```html
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
     <title>交互式图表</title>
     <!-- 引入 Plotly.js -->
     <script src="https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-2.24.1.min.js"></script>
 </head>
 <body>
     <div id="chart"></div>
     <script>
         // 读取CSV文件（假设文件名为 data.csv）
         fetch('data.csv')
             .then(response => response.text())
             .then(csvText => {
                 // 解析CSV数据
                 const rows = csvText.split('\n');
                 const x = [], y = [];
                 rows.forEach((row, index) => {
                     if (index === 0) return; // 跳过标题行
                     const [xVal, yVal] = row.split(',');
                     x.push(parseFloat(xVal));
                     y.push(parseFloat(yVal));
                 });
                 // 绘制图表
                 Plotly.newPlot('chart', [{
                     x: x,
                     y: y,
                     type: 'scatter',
                     mode: 'lines+markers',
                     marker: { color: 'blue' },
                     line: { shape: 'spline' }
                 }], {
                     title: '交互式数据图表',
                     xaxis: { title: 'X轴' },
                     yaxis: { title: 'Y轴' },
                     hovermode: 'closest'
                 });
             });
     </script>
 </body>
 </html>
 ```
-jun chen
+}}
 jun chen
 #### 使用步骤：
 . 将CSV文件命名为 `data.csv`，格式如下：
    ```csv
    x,y
 ,5
 ,3
 ,7
 ,2
 ,8
    ```
 . 将HTML文件和 `data.csv` 放在同一目录下，用浏览器打开HTML文件。
 . 效果：支持**缩放、悬停显示数值、拖拽平移**等交互。
 ---
-jun chen
+### Python + Plotly（生成独立HTML文件）
-jun chen
+#### 特点：适合Python用户，自动化生成图表文件。
-jun chen
+{{collapse(show code...)
-jun chen
+```python
 import pandas as pd
 import plotly.express as px
 # 1. 读取CSV文件
 df = pd.read_csv("data.csv")
 # 2. 创建交互式图表
 fig = px.line(
     df, x='x', y='y',
     title='Python生成的交互式图表',
     markers=True,  # 显示数据点
     line_shape='spline'  # 平滑曲线
+)
 # 3. 自定义悬停效果和样式
 fig.update_traces(
     hoverinfo='x+y',  # 悬停显示x和y值
     line=dict(width=2, color='royalblue'),
     marker=dict(size=8, color='firebrick')
+)
 # 4. 保存为HTML文件
 fig.write_html("interactive_chart.html")
 ```
 }}
 #### 使用步骤：
 . 安装依赖：
    ```bash
    pip install pandas plotly
    ```
 . 运行代码后，生成 `interactive_chart.html`，用浏览器打开即可看到图表。
 ### **进阶方案（可选）**
 . **动态数据加载**（JavaScript）：
 jun chen
 {{collapse(View details...)
-jun chen
+   ```html
    <input type="file" id="csvFile" accept=".csv">
    <div id="chart"></div>
    <script>
      document.getElementById('csvFile').addEventListener('change', function(e) {
        const file = e.target.files[0];
        const reader = new FileReader();
        reader.onload = function(e) {
          // 解析并绘制图表（代码同方法一）
        };
        reader.readAsText(file);
      });
    </script>
    ```
-jun chen
+}}
-jun chen
+   - 用户可上传任意CSV文件，实时生成图表。
 jun chen
-jun chen
+. **添加控件**（Python + Dash）：
-jun chen
+{{collapse(View details...)
-jun chen
+   ```python
    from dash import Dash, dcc, html
    import pandas as pd
    import plotly.express as px
    app = Dash(__name__)
    df = pd.read_csv("data.csv")
    app.layout = html.Div([
        dcc.Graph(
            id='live-chart',
            figure=px.scatter(df, x='x', y='y', title='Dash动态图表')
        ),
        html.Button('更新数据', id='update-button')
    ])
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app.run_server(debug=True)
    ```
-jun chen
+}}
-jun chen
+   - 运行后访问 `http://localhost:8050`，支持动态交互和按钮触发操作。
 ---

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