Web tech » History » Version 23
jun chen, 02/19/2025 11:48 AM
1 | 1 | jun chen | # Web tech |
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2 | |||
3 | 3 | jun chen | {{toc}} |
4 | |||
5 | 1 | jun chen | |
6 | 4 | jun chen | ## How to visualize data: |
7 | |||
8 | D3 ref: https://observablehq.com/@d3/gallery , https://johan.github.io/d3/ex/ |
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9 | Plotly ref: https://plotly.com/javascript/ |
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10 | |||
11 | 12 | jun chen | --- |
12 | |||
13 | ### **交互功能对比** |
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14 | | **功能** | **JavaScript/Plotly** | **Python/Plotly** | **JavaScript/d3** | |
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15 | |------------------------|-----------------------|-------------------|----------------------| |
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16 | | 缩放/平移 | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | |
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17 | | 悬停显示数值 | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | |
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18 | | 数据点高亮 | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | |
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19 | | 导出为图片(PNG/JPEG) | ✔️ | ✔️ |✔️ | |
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20 | | 动态更新数据 | ✔️(需额外代码) | ❌ | ✔️ | |
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21 | | 旧firefox支持 | ❌(globalthis) | ? | ✔️ | |
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22 | |||
23 | --- |
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24 | |||
25 | 17 | jun chen | |
26 | 22 | jun chen | 以下是逐步解决方案,实现在X轴下方添加可缩放和拖动的滑块条: |
27 | |||
28 | ### 1. 调整边距和创建滑块容器 |
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29 | 在原有SVG中增加底部边距,并为滑块条创建新的容器。 |
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30 | |||
31 | ```javascript |
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32 | // 修改边距,底部增加空间给滑块条 |
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33 | const margin = { top: 50, right: 50, bottom: 100, left: 50 }; |
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34 | |||
35 | // 创建主图表容器 |
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36 | const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg") |
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37 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
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38 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) |
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39 | .append("g") |
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40 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
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41 | |||
42 | // 创建滑块条的容器(位于主图表下方) |
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43 | const slider = d3.select("svg") |
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44 | .append("g") |
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45 | .attr("class", "slider") |
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46 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${height + margin.top + 20})`); |
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47 | ``` |
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48 | |||
49 | ### 2. 初始化滑块比例尺和轴 |
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50 | 使用主图表的原始数据范围定义滑块的比例尺。 |
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51 | |||
52 | ```javascript |
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53 | // 主图表的比例尺(可缩放) |
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54 | let x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
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55 | |||
56 | // 滑块的比例尺(固定为完整数据范围) |
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57 | let xSlider = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
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58 | |||
59 | // 滑块的X轴 |
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60 | const xAxisSlider = d3.axisBottom(xSlider) |
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61 | .tickSize(0) |
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62 | .tickFormat(""); |
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63 | ``` |
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64 | |||
65 | ### 3. 绘制滑块条的背景和轴 |
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66 | 在滑块区域绘制简化的折线图和轴。 |
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67 | |||
68 | ```javascript |
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69 | // 在数据加载后初始化滑块 |
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70 | d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => { |
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71 | // ...原有数据处理... |
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72 | |||
73 | // 初始化滑块比例尺 |
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74 | xSlider.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.index)); |
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75 | |||
76 | // 绘制滑块背景折线 |
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77 | slider.append("path") |
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78 | .datum(data) |
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79 | .attr("class", "slider-line") |
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80 | .attr("d", d3.line() |
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81 | .x(d => xSlider(d.index)) |
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82 | .y(0)); // 简化高度 |
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83 | |||
84 | // 添加滑块轴 |
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85 | slider.append("g") |
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86 | .attr("class", "x-axis-slider") |
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87 | .call(xAxisSlider); |
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88 | }); |
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89 | ``` |
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90 | |||
91 | ### 4. 添加刷子并处理事件 |
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92 | 使用`d3.brushX`创建交互刷子。 |
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93 | |||
94 | ```javascript |
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95 | // 创建刷子 |
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96 | const brush = d3.brushX() |
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97 | .extent([[0, -10], [width, 10]]) // 设置刷子区域高度 |
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98 | .on("brush", brushing) |
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99 | .on("end", brushEnded); |
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100 | |||
101 | // 应用刷子到滑块 |
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102 | slider.append("g") |
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103 | .attr("class", "brush") |
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104 | .call(brush); |
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105 | |||
106 | // 刷子拖动时的处理函数 |
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107 | function brushing(event) { |
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108 | if (!event.selection) return; |
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109 | const [x0, x1] = event.selection; |
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110 | x.domain([xSlider.invert(x0), xSlider.invert(x1)]); |
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111 | updateMainChart(); // 更新主图表 |
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112 | } |
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113 | |||
114 | // 刷子结束时的处理(双击重置) |
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115 | function brushEnded(event) { |
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116 | if (!event.selection) { |
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117 | x.domain(xSlider.domain()); // 重置为完整范围 |
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118 | updateMainChart(); |
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119 | } |
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120 | } |
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121 | ``` |
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122 | |||
123 | ### 5. 封装主图表更新函数 |
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124 | 将主图表的绘制逻辑封装成可重用的函数。 |
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125 | |||
126 | ```javascript |
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127 | function updateMainChart() { |
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128 | // 更新X轴 |
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129 | svg.select(".x-axis").call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
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130 | |||
131 | // 更新折线 |
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132 | svg.selectAll(".line") |
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133 | .attr("d", d3.line() |
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134 | .x(d => x(d.index)) |
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135 | .y(d => y(d[currentY]))); |
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136 | |||
137 | // 更新点位置 |
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138 | svg.selectAll(".dot") |
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139 | .attr("cx", d => x(d.index)); |
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140 | |||
141 | // 更新背景区域 |
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142 | drawBackgroundRegions(ranges); |
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143 | } |
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144 | ``` |
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145 | |||
146 | ### 6. CSS样式调整 |
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147 | 添加滑块条样式: |
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148 | |||
149 | ```css |
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150 | .slider-line { |
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151 | fill: none; |
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152 | stroke: #666; |
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153 | stroke-width: 1px; |
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154 | } |
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155 | |||
156 | .brush .selection { |
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157 | fill: steelblue; |
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158 | fill-opacity: 0.3; |
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159 | stroke: none; |
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160 | } |
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161 | |||
162 | .brush .handle { |
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163 | fill: steelblue; |
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164 | } |
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165 | ``` |
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166 | |||
167 | ### 完整修改后的代码结构 |
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168 | 整合上述修改后的核心代码: |
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169 | |||
170 | ```javascript |
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171 | // 设置边距和尺寸 |
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172 | const margin = { top: 50, right: 50, bottom: 100, left: 50 }; |
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173 | const width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right; |
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174 | const height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom; |
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175 | |||
176 | // 创建SVG容器 |
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177 | const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg") |
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178 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
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179 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom + 50); // 增加底部空间 |
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180 | |||
181 | // 主图表容器 |
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182 | const main = svg.append("g") |
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183 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
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184 | |||
185 | // 滑块容器 |
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186 | const slider = svg.append("g") |
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187 | .attr("class", "slider") |
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188 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${height + margin.top + 30})`); |
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189 | |||
190 | // 初始化比例尺 |
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191 | const x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
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192 | const xSlider = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
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193 | const y = d3.scaleLinear().range([height, 0]); |
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194 | |||
195 | // 加载数据 |
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196 | d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => { |
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197 | // 数据处理... |
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198 | data.forEach(d => { |
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199 | d.index = +d.index; |
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200 | d.observation1 = +d.observation1; |
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201 | d.observation2 = +d.observation2; |
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202 | }); |
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203 | |||
204 | // 设置比例尺 |
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205 | x.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.index)); |
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206 | xSlider.domain(x.domain()); |
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207 | y.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => Math.max(d.observation1, d.observation2))]); |
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208 | |||
209 | // 绘制主图表 |
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210 | drawMainChart(data); |
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211 | |||
212 | // 绘制滑块背景 |
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213 | slider.append("path") |
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214 | .datum(data) |
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215 | .attr("class", "slider-line") |
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216 | .attr("d", d3.line() |
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217 | .x(d => xSlider(d.index)) |
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218 | .y(0)); |
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219 | |||
220 | // 添加刷子 |
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221 | const brush = d3.brushX() |
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222 | .extent([[0, -10], [width, 10]]) |
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223 | .on("brush", brushing) |
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224 | .on("end", brushEnded); |
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225 | |||
226 | slider.append("g") |
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227 | .attr("class", "brush") |
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228 | .call(brush); |
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229 | }); |
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230 | |||
231 | function drawMainChart(data) { |
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232 | // 绘制折线、点、轴等... |
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233 | // 使用x比例尺进行所有定位 |
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234 | } |
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235 | |||
236 | function updateMainChart() { |
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237 | // 更新所有依赖x比例尺的元素 |
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238 | main.select(".x-axis").call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
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239 | main.selectAll(".line").attr("d", ...); |
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240 | main.selectAll(".dot").attr("cx", ...); |
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241 | // 更新背景区域... |
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242 | } |
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243 | |||
244 | // 刷子事件处理函数 |
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245 | function brushing(event) { |
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246 | if (!event.selection) return; |
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247 | const [x0, x1] = event.selection.map(xSlider.invert); |
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248 | x.domain([x0, x1]); |
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249 | updateMainChart(); |
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250 | } |
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251 | |||
252 | function brushEnded(event) { |
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253 | if (!event.selection) { |
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254 | x.domain(xSlider.domain()); |
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255 | updateMainChart(); |
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256 | } |
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257 | } |
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258 | ``` |
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259 | |||
260 | 20 | jun chen | ### 交互,圆圈,准心 |
261 | 1 | jun chen | |
262 | 20 | jun chen | {{collapse(show code...) |
263 | |||
264 | 19 | jun chen | ``` |
265 | // 设置图表的尺寸和边距 |
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266 | const margin = {top: 50, right: 50, bottom: 50, left: 50}, |
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267 | width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right, |
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268 | height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom; |
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269 | |||
270 | // 设置SVG的尺寸 |
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271 | const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg") |
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272 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
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273 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) |
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274 | .append("g") |
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275 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
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276 | |||
277 | // 设置比例尺 |
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278 | const x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
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279 | const y = d3.scaleLinear().range([height, 0]); |
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280 | |||
281 | // 定义折线生成器 |
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282 | const line = d3.line() |
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283 | .x(d => x(d.index)) // 使用第一列(index)作为X轴 |
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284 | .y(d => y(d.observation)); // 使用观测值作为Y轴 |
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285 | |||
286 | // 初始化Y轴数据为第二列(observation1) |
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287 | let currentY = "observation1"; |
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288 | |||
289 | // 创建高亮圆圈 |
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290 | const highlightCircle = svg.append("circle") |
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291 | .attr("class", "highlight-circle") |
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292 | .attr("r", 7) // 圆圈的半径 |
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293 | .style("fill", "none") |
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294 | .style("stroke", "red") |
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295 | .style("stroke-width", 2) |
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296 | .style("opacity", 0); // 初始不可见 |
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297 | |||
298 | // 创建准心线(水平线和垂直线) |
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299 | const horizontalLine = svg.append("line") |
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300 | .attr("class", "crosshair-line") |
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301 | .style("stroke", "red") |
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302 | .style("stroke-width", 1) |
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303 | .style("stroke-dasharray", "3,3") // 虚线样式 |
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304 | .style("opacity", 0); // 初始不可见 |
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305 | |||
306 | const verticalLine = svg.append("line") |
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307 | .attr("class", "crosshair-line") |
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308 | .style("stroke", "red") |
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309 | .style("stroke-width", 1) |
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310 | .style("stroke-dasharray", "3,3") // 虚线样式 |
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311 | .style("opacity", 0); // 初始不可见 |
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312 | |||
313 | // 解析 label 中的 begin 和 end 标记 |
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314 | function parseLabelRanges(data) { |
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315 | const ranges = []; |
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316 | let beginIndex = null; |
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317 | |||
318 | data.forEach((d, i) => { |
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319 | if (d.label.startsWith("begin")) { |
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320 | beginIndex = d.index; // 记录 begin 的 index |
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321 | } else if (d.label.startsWith("end") && beginIndex !== null) { |
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322 | ranges.push({ begin: beginIndex, end: d.index }); // 记录 begin 和 end 的范围 |
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323 | beginIndex = null; // 重置 beginIndex |
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324 | } |
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325 | }); |
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326 | |||
327 | return ranges; |
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328 | } |
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329 | |||
330 | // 绘制绿色背景区域 |
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331 | function drawBackgroundRegions(ranges) { |
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332 | // 移除旧的背景区域 |
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333 | svg.selectAll(".background-region").remove(); |
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334 | |||
335 | // 绘制新的背景区域 |
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336 | ranges.forEach(range => { |
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337 | svg.append("rect") |
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338 | .attr("class", "background-region") |
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339 | .attr("x", x(range.begin)) // 起始位置 |
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340 | .attr("width", x(range.end) - x(range.begin)) // 宽度 |
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341 | .attr("y", 0) // 从顶部开始 |
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342 | .attr("height", height) // 覆盖整个图表高度 |
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343 | .style("fill", "green") |
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344 | .style("opacity", 0.2); // 设置透明度 |
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345 | }); |
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346 | } |
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347 | |||
348 | // 读取CSV文件 |
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349 | d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => { |
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350 | // 转换数据类型 |
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351 | data.forEach(d => { |
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352 | d.index = +d.index; // 第一列转换为数值 |
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353 | d.observation1 = +d.observation1; // 第二列转换为数值 |
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354 | d.observation2 = +d.observation2; // 第三列转换为数值 |
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355 | }); |
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356 | |||
357 | // 设置比例尺的域 |
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358 | x.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.index)); // X轴范围为第一列的最小值和最大值 |
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359 | y.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => Math.max(d.observation1, d.observation2))]; // Y轴范围为0到观测值的最大值 |
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360 | |||
361 | // 解析 label 中的 begin 和 end 标记 |
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362 | const ranges = parseLabelRanges(data); |
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363 | |||
364 | // 绘制初始折线图(使用observation1) |
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365 | drawChart(data, ranges); |
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366 | |||
367 | // 添加按钮点击事件 |
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368 | d3.select("#toggleButton").on("click", function() { |
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369 | // 切换Y轴数据 |
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370 | currentY = currentY === "observation1" ? "observation2" : "observation1"; |
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371 | // 更新按钮文本 |
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372 | d3.select(this).text(currentY === "observation1" ? "Switch to Observation 2" : "Switch to Observation 1"); |
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373 | // 重新绘制折线图 |
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374 | drawChart(data, ranges); |
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375 | }); |
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376 | }); |
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377 | |||
378 | // 绘制折线图的函数 |
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379 | function drawChart(data, ranges) { |
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380 | // 移除旧的折线和点 |
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381 | svg.selectAll(".line").remove(); |
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382 | svg.selectAll(".dot").remove(); |
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383 | |||
384 | // 更新折线生成器的Y值 |
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385 | line.y(d => y(d[currentY])); |
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386 | |||
387 | // 添加折线 |
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388 | svg.append("path") |
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389 | .datum(data) |
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390 | .attr("class", `line ${currentY === "observation1" ? "line1" : "line2"}`) |
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391 | .attr("d", line); |
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392 | |||
393 | // 添加点 |
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394 | svg.selectAll(".dot") |
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395 | .data(data) |
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396 | .enter().append("circle") |
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397 | .attr("class", "dot") |
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398 | .attr("cx", d => x(d.index)) // 使用第一列(index)作为X轴 |
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399 | .attr("cy", d => y(d[currentY])) // 使用当前观测值作为Y轴 |
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400 | .attr("r", 5) |
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401 | .on("mouseover", function(event, d) { |
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402 | // 显示高亮圆圈 |
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403 | highlightCircle |
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404 | .attr("cx", x(d.index)) |
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405 | .attr("cy", y(d[currentY])) |
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406 | .style("opacity", 1); |
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407 | |||
408 | // 显示准心线 |
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409 | horizontalLine |
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410 | .attr("x1", 0) |
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411 | .attr("x2", width) |
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412 | .attr("y1", y(d[currentY])) |
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413 | .attr("y2", y(d[currentY])) |
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414 | .style("opacity", 1); |
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415 | |||
416 | verticalLine |
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417 | .attr("x1", x(d.index)) |
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418 | .attr("x2", x(d.index)) |
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419 | .attr("y1", 0) |
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420 | .attr("y2", height) |
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421 | .style("opacity", 1); |
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422 | |||
423 | // 显示工具提示 |
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424 | tooltip.transition() |
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425 | .duration(200) |
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426 | .style("opacity", .9); |
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427 | tooltip.html(` |
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428 | <div><strong>Index:</strong> ${d.index}</div> |
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429 | <div><strong>Observation:</strong> ${d[currentY]}</div> |
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430 | <div><strong>Label:</strong> ${d.label}</div> |
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431 | `) |
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432 | .style("left", (event.pageX + 5) + "px") |
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433 | .style("top", (event.pageY - 28) + "px"); |
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434 | }) |
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435 | .on("mouseout", function(d) { |
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436 | // 隐藏高亮圆圈和准心线 |
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437 | highlightCircle.style("opacity", 0); |
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438 | horizontalLine.style("opacity", 0); |
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439 | verticalLine.style("opacity", 0); |
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440 | |||
441 | // 隐藏工具提示 |
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442 | tooltip.transition() |
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443 | .duration(500) |
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444 | .style("opacity", 0); |
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445 | }); |
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446 | |||
447 | // 绘制绿色背景区域 |
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448 | drawBackgroundRegions(ranges); |
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449 | |||
450 | // 添加X轴 |
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451 | svg.select(".x-axis").remove(); // 移除旧的X轴 |
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452 | svg.append("g") |
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453 | .attr("class", "x-axis") |
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454 | .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`) |
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455 | .call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
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456 | |||
457 | // 添加Y轴 |
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458 | svg.select(".y-axis").remove(); // 移除旧的Y轴 |
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459 | svg.append("g") |
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460 | .attr("class", "y-axis") |
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461 | .call(d3.axisLeft(y)); |
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462 | |||
463 | // 添加X轴标签 |
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464 | svg.select(".x-axis-label").remove(); // 移除旧的X轴标签 |
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465 | svg.append("text") |
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466 | .attr("class", "x-axis-label") |
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467 | .attr("x", width / 2) |
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468 | .attr("y", height + margin.bottom - 10) |
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469 | .style("text-anchor", "middle") |
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470 | .text("时间"); |
||
471 | |||
472 | // 添加Y轴标签 |
||
473 | svg.select(".y-axis-label").remove(); // 移除旧的Y轴标签 |
||
474 | svg.append("text") |
||
475 | .attr("class", "y-axis-label") |
||
476 | .attr("transform", "rotate(-90)") |
||
477 | .attr("x", -height / 2) |
||
478 | .attr("y", -margin.left + 20) |
||
479 | .style("text-anchor", "middle") |
||
480 | .text("观测值"); |
||
481 | } |
||
482 | |||
483 | // 添加提示工具 |
||
484 | const tooltip = d3.select("body").append("div") |
||
485 | .attr("class", "tooltip") |
||
486 | .style("opacity", 0) |
||
487 | .style("font-size", "14px") // 放大字体 |
||
488 | .style("text-align", "left"); // 左对齐 |
||
489 | |||
490 | 1 | jun chen | ``` |
491 | 20 | jun chen | }} |
492 | 17 | jun chen | |
493 | 20 | jun chen | ### button 切换图表 |
494 | 17 | jun chen | |
495 | 18 | jun chen | |
496 | {{collapse(show code...) |
||
497 | 17 | jun chen | ``` |
498 | // 设置图表的尺寸和边距 |
||
499 | const margin = {top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 40}, |
||
500 | width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right, |
||
501 | height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom; |
||
502 | |||
503 | // 设置SVG的尺寸 |
||
504 | const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg") |
||
505 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
||
506 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) |
||
507 | .append("g") |
||
508 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
||
509 | |||
510 | // 设置比例尺 |
||
511 | const x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
||
512 | const y = d3.scaleLinear().range([height, 0]); |
||
513 | |||
514 | // 定义折线生成器 |
||
515 | const line = d3.line() |
||
516 | .x(d => x(d.index)) // 使用第一列(index)作为X轴 |
||
517 | .y(d => y(d.observation)); // 使用观测值作为Y轴 |
||
518 | |||
519 | // 初始化Y轴数据为第二列(observation1) |
||
520 | let currentY = "observation1"; |
||
521 | |||
522 | // 读取CSV文件 |
||
523 | 1 | jun chen | d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => { |
524 | 17 | jun chen | // 转换数据类型 |
525 | 18 | jun chen | data.forEach(d => { |
526 | d.index = + parseInt(d.index); // 第一列转换为数值 |
||
527 | d.observation1 = + parseFloat(d.observation1); // 第二列转换为数值 |
||
528 | 17 | jun chen | d.observation2 = + parseFloat(d.observation2); // 第三列转换为数值 |
529 | }); |
||
530 | |||
531 | // 设置比例尺的域 |
||
532 | x.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.index)); // X轴范围为第一列的最小值和最大值 |
||
533 | y.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => Math.max(d.observation1, d.observation2))]); // Y轴范围为0到观测值的最大值 |
||
534 | |||
535 | // 绘制初始折线图(使用observation1) |
||
536 | drawChart(data); |
||
537 | |||
538 | // 添加按钮点击事件 |
||
539 | d3.select("#toggleButton").on("click", function() { |
||
540 | // 切换Y轴数据 |
||
541 | currentY = currentY === "observation1" ? "observation2" : "observation1"; |
||
542 | // 更新按钮文本 |
||
543 | d3.select(this).text(currentY === "observation1" ? "Switch to Observation 2" : "Switch to Observation 1"); |
||
544 | // 重新绘制折线图 |
||
545 | drawChart(data); |
||
546 | }); |
||
547 | }); |
||
548 | |||
549 | // 绘制折线图的函数 |
||
550 | function drawChart(data) { |
||
551 | // 移除旧的折线和点 |
||
552 | svg.selectAll(".line").remove(); |
||
553 | svg.selectAll(".dot").remove(); |
||
554 | |||
555 | // 更新折线生成器的Y值 |
||
556 | line.y(d => y(d[currentY])); |
||
557 | |||
558 | // 添加折线 |
||
559 | svg.append("path") |
||
560 | .datum(data) |
||
561 | .attr("class", `line ${currentY === "observation1" ? "line1" : "line2"}`) |
||
562 | .attr("d", line); |
||
563 | |||
564 | // 添加点 |
||
565 | svg.selectAll(".dot") |
||
566 | .data(data) |
||
567 | .enter().append("circle") |
||
568 | .attr("class", "dot") |
||
569 | .attr("cx", d => x(d.index)) // 使用第一列(index)作为X轴 |
||
570 | .attr("cy", d => y(d[currentY])) // 使用当前观测值作为Y轴 |
||
571 | .attr("r", 5) |
||
572 | .on("mouseover", function(event, d) { |
||
573 | tooltip.transition() |
||
574 | .duration(200) |
||
575 | .style("opacity", .9); |
||
576 | tooltip.html(`Index: ${d.index}<br>Observation: ${d[currentY]}<br>Label: ${d.label}`) |
||
577 | .style("left", (event.pageX + 5) + "px") |
||
578 | .style("top", (event.pageY - 28) + "px"); |
||
579 | }) |
||
580 | .on("mouseout", function(d) { |
||
581 | tooltip.transition() |
||
582 | .duration(500) |
||
583 | .style("opacity", 0); |
||
584 | }); |
||
585 | |||
586 | // 添加X轴 |
||
587 | svg.select(".x-axis").remove(); // 移除旧的X轴 |
||
588 | svg.append("g") |
||
589 | .attr("class", "x-axis") |
||
590 | .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`) |
||
591 | .call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
||
592 | |||
593 | // 添加Y轴 |
||
594 | svg.select(".y-axis").remove(); // 移除旧的Y轴 |
||
595 | svg.append("g") |
||
596 | .attr("class", "y-axis") |
||
597 | .call(d3.axisLeft(y)); |
||
598 | } |
||
599 | 1 | jun chen | |
600 | 17 | jun chen | // 添加提示工具 |
601 | const tooltip = d3.select("body").append("div") |
||
602 | .attr("class", "tooltip") |
||
603 | 18 | jun chen | .style("opacity", 0); |
604 | 17 | jun chen | ``` |
605 | |||
606 | 16 | jun chen | |
607 | 15 | jun chen | ### js d3 读入 csv 并绘制折线交互 |
608 | 16 | jun chen | |
609 | 15 | jun chen | {{collapse(show code...) |
610 | ``` |
||
611 | |||
612 | // 设置图表的尺寸和边距 |
||
613 | const margin = {top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 40}, |
||
614 | width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right, |
||
615 | height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom; |
||
616 | |||
617 | // 设置SVG的尺寸 |
||
618 | const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg") |
||
619 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
||
620 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) |
||
621 | .append("g") |
||
622 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
||
623 | |||
624 | // 设置比例尺 |
||
625 | const x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
||
626 | const y = d3.scaleLinear().range([height, 0]); |
||
627 | |||
628 | // 定义折线生成器 |
||
629 | const line = d3.line() |
||
630 | .x((d, i) => x(i)) |
||
631 | .y(d => y(d.observation)); |
||
632 | |||
633 | // 读取CSV文件 |
||
634 | d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => { |
||
635 | // 转换数据类型 |
||
636 | data.forEach((d, i) => { |
||
637 | d.observation = +d.observation; |
||
638 | d.index = i; |
||
639 | }); |
||
640 | |||
641 | // 设置比例尺的域 |
||
642 | x.domain([0, data.length - 1]); |
||
643 | y.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.observation)]); |
||
644 | |||
645 | // 添加折线 |
||
646 | svg.append("path") |
||
647 | .datum(data) |
||
648 | .attr("class", "line") |
||
649 | .attr("d", line); |
||
650 | |||
651 | // 添加点 |
||
652 | svg.selectAll(".dot") |
||
653 | .data(data) |
||
654 | .enter().append("circle") |
||
655 | .attr("class", "dot") |
||
656 | .attr("cx", (d, i) => x(i)) |
||
657 | .attr("cy", d => y(d.observation)) |
||
658 | .attr("r", 5) |
||
659 | .on("mouseover", function(event, d) { |
||
660 | tooltip.transition() |
||
661 | .duration(200) |
||
662 | .style("opacity", .9); |
||
663 | tooltip.html(`Observation: ${d.observation}<br>Label: ${d.label}`) |
||
664 | .style("left", (event.pageX + 5) + "px") |
||
665 | .style("top", (event.pageY - 28) + "px"); |
||
666 | }) |
||
667 | .on("mouseout", function(d) { |
||
668 | tooltip.transition() |
||
669 | .duration(500) |
||
670 | .style("opacity", 0); |
||
671 | }); |
||
672 | |||
673 | // 添加X轴 |
||
674 | svg.append("g") |
||
675 | .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`) |
||
676 | .call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
||
677 | |||
678 | // 添加Y轴 |
||
679 | svg.append("g") |
||
680 | .call(d3.axisLeft(y)); |
||
681 | }); |
||
682 | |||
683 | // 添加提示工具 |
||
684 | const tooltip = d3.select("body").append("div") |
||
685 | .attr("class", "tooltip") |
||
686 | .style("opacity", 0); |
||
687 | ``` |
||
688 | |||
689 | ``` |
||
690 | <!DOCTYPE html> |
||
691 | <html lang="en"> |
||
692 | <head> |
||
693 | <meta charset="UTF-8"> |
||
694 | <title>D3.js Line Chart</title> |
||
695 | <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.min.js"></script> |
||
696 | <style> |
||
697 | .line { |
||
698 | fill: none; |
||
699 | stroke: steelblue; |
||
700 | stroke-width: 2px; |
||
701 | } |
||
702 | .dot { |
||
703 | fill: steelblue; |
||
704 | stroke: #fff; |
||
705 | } |
||
706 | .tooltip { |
||
707 | position: absolute; |
||
708 | text-align: center; |
||
709 | width: 120px; |
||
710 | height: auto; |
||
711 | padding: 5px; |
||
712 | font: 12px sans-serif; |
||
713 | background: lightsteelblue; |
||
714 | border: 0px; |
||
715 | border-radius: 8px; |
||
716 | pointer-events: none; |
||
717 | } |
||
718 | </style> |
||
719 | </head> |
||
720 | <body> |
||
721 | <div id="chart"></div> |
||
722 | 1 | jun chen | <script src="script.js"></script> |
723 | 15 | jun chen | </body> |
724 | </html> |
||
725 | |||
726 | 16 | jun chen | ``` |
727 | 15 | jun chen | }} |
728 | 5 | jun chen | |
729 | 4 | jun chen | ### js d3 内嵌数据显示折线 |
730 | 6 | jun chen | |
731 | {{collapse(show code...) |
||
732 | 1 | jun chen | |
733 | ``` |
||
734 | <!DOCTYPE html> |
||
735 | <html lang="en"> |
||
736 | <head> |
||
737 | <meta charset="UTF-8"> |
||
738 | <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> |
||
739 | <title>分段填充折线图</title> |
||
740 | <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.min.js"></script> |
||
741 | <style> |
||
742 | .tooltip { |
||
743 | position: absolute; |
||
744 | background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); |
||
745 | border: 1px solid #ccc; |
||
746 | padding: 5px; |
||
747 | font-size: 12px; |
||
748 | pointer-events: none; |
||
749 | opacity: 0; |
||
750 | } |
||
751 | .line { |
||
752 | fill: none; |
||
753 | stroke: black; |
||
754 | stroke-width: 2; |
||
755 | } |
||
756 | </style> |
||
757 | </head> |
||
758 | <body> |
||
759 | <div id="chart"></div> |
||
760 | <div class="tooltip" id="tooltip"></div> |
||
761 | |||
762 | <script> |
||
763 | // 示例数据 |
||
764 | const data = [ |
||
765 | { time: "2025-01-01", value: 10, description: "说明1" }, |
||
766 | { time: "2025-01-02", value: 15, description: "说明2" }, |
||
767 | { time: "2025-01-03", value: 20, description: "说明3" }, |
||
768 | { time: "2025-01-04", value: 25, description: "说明4" }, |
||
769 | { time: "2025-01-05", value: 30, description: "说明5" }, |
||
770 | { time: "2025-01-06", value: 35, description: "说明6" }, |
||
771 | { time: "2025-01-07", value: 40, description: "说明7" }, |
||
772 | { time: "2025-01-08", value: 45, description: "说明8" }, |
||
773 | { time: "2025-01-09", value: 50, description: "说明9" }, |
||
774 | { time: "2025-01-10", value: 55, description: "说明10" }, |
||
775 | { time: "2025-01-11", value: 60, description: "说明11" }, |
||
776 | { time: "2025-01-12", value: 65, description: "说明12" }, |
||
777 | { time: "2025-01-13", value: 70, description: "说明13" }, |
||
778 | { time: "2025-01-14", value: 75, description: "说明14" }, |
||
779 | { time: "2025-01-15", value: 80, description: "说明15" }, |
||
780 | { time: "2025-01-16", value: 85, description: "说明16" }, |
||
781 | { time: "2025-01-17", value: 90, description: "说明17" }, |
||
782 | { time: "2025-01-18", value: 95, description: "说明18" }, |
||
783 | { time: "2025-01-19", value: 100, description: "说明19" }, |
||
784 | { time: "2025-01-20", value: 105, description: "说明20" } |
||
785 | ]; |
||
786 | |||
787 | // 设置图表尺寸 |
||
788 | const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 40 }; |
||
789 | const width = 800 - margin.left - margin.right; |
||
790 | const height = 400 - margin.top - margin.bottom; |
||
791 | |||
792 | // 创建 SVG 容器 |
||
793 | const svg = d3.select("#chart") |
||
794 | .append("svg") |
||
795 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
||
796 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) |
||
797 | .append("g") |
||
798 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
||
799 | |||
800 | // 解析时间格式 |
||
801 | const parseTime = d3.timeParse("%Y-%m-%d"); |
||
802 | |||
803 | // 格式化数据 |
||
804 | data.forEach(d => { |
||
805 | d.time = parseTime(d.time); |
||
806 | d.value = +d.value; |
||
807 | }); |
||
808 | |||
809 | // 设置比例尺 |
||
810 | const x = d3.scaleTime() |
||
811 | .domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.time)) |
||
812 | .range([0, width]); |
||
813 | |||
814 | const y = d3.scaleLinear() |
||
815 | .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)]) |
||
816 | .range([height, 0]); |
||
817 | |||
818 | // 添加 X 轴 |
||
819 | svg.append("g") |
||
820 | .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`) |
||
821 | .call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
||
822 | |||
823 | // 添加 Y 轴 |
||
824 | svg.append("g") |
||
825 | .call(d3.axisLeft(y)); |
||
826 | |||
827 | // 创建折线生成器 |
||
828 | const line = d3.line() |
||
829 | .x(d => x(d.time)) |
||
830 | .y(d => y(d.value)); |
||
831 | |||
832 | // 绘制折线 |
||
833 | svg.append("path") |
||
834 | .datum(data) |
||
835 | .attr("class", "line") |
||
836 | .attr("d", line); |
||
837 | |||
838 | // 分段填充颜色 |
||
839 | const first10 = data.slice(0, 10); |
||
840 | const last10 = data.slice(-10); |
||
841 | const middle = data.slice(10, -10); |
||
842 | |||
843 | // 填充前十个时间段的绿色区域 |
||
844 | svg.append("path") |
||
845 | .datum(first10) |
||
846 | .attr("fill", "green") |
||
847 | .attr("opacity", 0.3) |
||
848 | .attr("d", d3.area() |
||
849 | .x(d => x(d.time)) |
||
850 | .y0(height) |
||
851 | .y1(d => y(d.value)) |
||
852 | ); |
||
853 | |||
854 | // 填充中间时间段的蓝色区域 |
||
855 | svg.append("path") |
||
856 | .datum(middle) |
||
857 | .attr("fill", "blue") |
||
858 | .attr("opacity", 0.3) |
||
859 | .attr("d", d3.area() |
||
860 | .x(d => x(d.time)) |
||
861 | .y0(height) |
||
862 | .y1(d => y(d.value)) |
||
863 | ); |
||
864 | |||
865 | // 填充后十个时间段的红色区域 |
||
866 | svg.append("path") |
||
867 | .datum(last10) |
||
868 | .attr("fill", "red") |
||
869 | .attr("opacity", 0.3) |
||
870 | .attr("d", d3.area() |
||
871 | .x(d => x(d.time)) |
||
872 | .y0(height) |
||
873 | .y1(d => y(d.value)) |
||
874 | ); |
||
875 | |||
876 | // 添加悬停交互 |
||
877 | const tooltip = d3.select("#tooltip"); |
||
878 | |||
879 | svg.selectAll(".dot") |
||
880 | .data(data) |
||
881 | .enter() |
||
882 | .append("circle") |
||
883 | .attr("class", "dot") |
||
884 | .attr("cx", d => x(d.time)) |
||
885 | .attr("cy", d => y(d.value)) |
||
886 | .attr("r", 5) |
||
887 | .attr("fill", "steelblue") |
||
888 | .on("mouseover", (event, d) => { |
||
889 | tooltip.style("opacity", 1) |
||
890 | .html(`时间: ${d3.timeFormat("%Y-%m-%d")(d.time)}<br>数值: ${d.value}<br>说明: ${d.description}`) |
||
891 | .style("left", `${event.pageX + 5}px`) |
||
892 | .style("top", `${event.pageY - 20}px`); |
||
893 | }) |
||
894 | .on("mouseout", () => { |
||
895 | tooltip.style("opacity", 0); |
||
896 | }); |
||
897 | </script> |
||
898 | </body> |
||
899 | </html> |
||
900 | 6 | jun chen | ``` |
901 | |||
902 | 1 | jun chen | }} |
903 | 13 | jun chen | |
904 | 1 | jun chen | ### JavaScript + Plotly(纯前端实现) |
905 | 8 | jun chen | |
906 | {{collapse(show code...) |
||
907 | 1 | jun chen | |
908 | ```html |
||
909 | <!DOCTYPE html> |
||
910 | <html> |
||
911 | <head> |
||
912 | <title>交互式图表</title> |
||
913 | <!-- 引入 Plotly.js --> |
||
914 | <script src="https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-2.24.1.min.js"></script> |
||
915 | </head> |
||
916 | <body> |
||
917 | <div id="chart"></div> |
||
918 | |||
919 | <script> |
||
920 | // 读取CSV文件(假设文件名为 data.csv) |
||
921 | fetch('data.csv') |
||
922 | .then(response => response.text()) |
||
923 | .then(csvText => { |
||
924 | // 解析CSV数据 |
||
925 | const rows = csvText.split('\n'); |
||
926 | const x = [], y = []; |
||
927 | rows.forEach((row, index) => { |
||
928 | if (index === 0) return; // 跳过标题行 |
||
929 | const [xVal, yVal] = row.split(','); |
||
930 | x.push(parseFloat(xVal)); |
||
931 | y.push(parseFloat(yVal)); |
||
932 | }); |
||
933 | |||
934 | // 绘制图表 |
||
935 | Plotly.newPlot('chart', [{ |
||
936 | x: x, |
||
937 | y: y, |
||
938 | type: 'scatter', |
||
939 | mode: 'lines+markers', |
||
940 | marker: { color: 'blue' }, |
||
941 | line: { shape: 'spline' } |
||
942 | }], { |
||
943 | title: '交互式数据图表', |
||
944 | xaxis: { title: 'X轴' }, |
||
945 | yaxis: { title: 'Y轴' }, |
||
946 | hovermode: 'closest' |
||
947 | }); |
||
948 | }); |
||
949 | </script> |
||
950 | </body> |
||
951 | </html> |
||
952 | 8 | jun chen | ``` |
953 | 1 | jun chen | }} |
954 | |||
955 | #### 使用步骤: |
||
956 | 1. 将CSV文件命名为 `data.csv`,格式如下: |
||
957 | ```csv |
||
958 | x,y |
||
959 | 1,5 |
||
960 | 2,3 |
||
961 | 3,7 |
||
962 | 4,2 |
||
963 | 5,8 |
||
964 | ``` |
||
965 | 2. 将HTML文件和 `data.csv` 放在同一目录下,用浏览器打开HTML文件。 |
||
966 | 3. 效果:支持**缩放、悬停显示数值、拖拽平移**等交互。 |
||
967 | |||
968 | --- |
||
969 | 14 | jun chen | |
970 | 1 | jun chen | ### Python + Plotly(生成独立HTML文件) |
971 | #### 特点:适合Python用户,自动化生成图表文件。 |
||
972 | 9 | jun chen | |
973 | 1 | jun chen | {{collapse(show code...) |
974 | ```python |
||
975 | import pandas as pd |
||
976 | import plotly.express as px |
||
977 | |||
978 | # 1. 读取CSV文件 |
||
979 | df = pd.read_csv("data.csv") |
||
980 | |||
981 | # 2. 创建交互式图表 |
||
982 | fig = px.line( |
||
983 | df, x='x', y='y', |
||
984 | title='Python生成的交互式图表', |
||
985 | markers=True, # 显示数据点 |
||
986 | line_shape='spline' # 平滑曲线 |
||
987 | ) |
||
988 | |||
989 | # 3. 自定义悬停效果和样式 |
||
990 | fig.update_traces( |
||
991 | hoverinfo='x+y', # 悬停显示x和y值 |
||
992 | line=dict(width=2, color='royalblue'), |
||
993 | marker=dict(size=8, color='firebrick') |
||
994 | ) |
||
995 | |||
996 | # 4. 保存为HTML文件 |
||
997 | fig.write_html("interactive_chart.html") |
||
998 | ``` |
||
999 | }} |
||
1000 | |||
1001 | #### 使用步骤: |
||
1002 | 1. 安装依赖: |
||
1003 | ```bash |
||
1004 | pip install pandas plotly |
||
1005 | ``` |
||
1006 | 2. 运行代码后,生成 `interactive_chart.html`,用浏览器打开即可看到图表。 |
||
1007 | |||
1008 | ### **进阶方案(可选)** |
||
1009 | 11 | jun chen | 1. **动态数据加载**(JavaScript): |
1010 | |||
1011 | 1 | jun chen | {{collapse(View details...) |
1012 | ```html |
||
1013 | <input type="file" id="csvFile" accept=".csv"> |
||
1014 | <div id="chart"></div> |
||
1015 | <script> |
||
1016 | document.getElementById('csvFile').addEventListener('change', function(e) { |
||
1017 | const file = e.target.files[0]; |
||
1018 | const reader = new FileReader(); |
||
1019 | reader.onload = function(e) { |
||
1020 | // 解析并绘制图表(代码同方法一) |
||
1021 | }; |
||
1022 | reader.readAsText(file); |
||
1023 | }); |
||
1024 | </script> |
||
1025 | 11 | jun chen | ``` |
1026 | 1 | jun chen | }} |
1027 | - 用户可上传任意CSV文件,实时生成图表。 |
||
1028 | 11 | jun chen | |
1029 | 1 | jun chen | |
1030 | 11 | jun chen | 2. **添加控件**(Python + Dash): |
1031 | 1 | jun chen | {{collapse(View details...) |
1032 | ```python |
||
1033 | from dash import Dash, dcc, html |
||
1034 | import pandas as pd |
||
1035 | import plotly.express as px |
||
1036 | |||
1037 | app = Dash(__name__) |
||
1038 | df = pd.read_csv("data.csv") |
||
1039 | |||
1040 | app.layout = html.Div([ |
||
1041 | dcc.Graph( |
||
1042 | id='live-chart', |
||
1043 | figure=px.scatter(df, x='x', y='y', title='Dash动态图表') |
||
1044 | ), |
||
1045 | html.Button('更新数据', id='update-button') |
||
1046 | ]) |
||
1047 | |||
1048 | if __name__ == '__main__': |
||
1049 | app.run_server(debug=True) |
||
1050 | 11 | jun chen | ``` |
1051 | }} |
||
1052 | 1 | jun chen | |
1053 | - 运行后访问 `http://localhost:8050`,支持动态交互和按钮触发操作。 |
||
1054 | |||
1055 | --- |