Web tech » History » Version 29
jun chen, 03/13/2025 10:31 PM
| 1 | 1 | jun chen | # Web tech |
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| 2 | |||
| 3 | 3 | jun chen | {{toc}} |
| 4 | |||
| 5 | 1 | jun chen | |
| 6 | 4 | jun chen | ## How to visualize data: |
| 7 | |||
| 8 | D3 ref: https://observablehq.com/@d3/gallery , https://johan.github.io/d3/ex/ |
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| 9 | Plotly ref: https://plotly.com/javascript/ |
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| 10 | |||
| 11 | 12 | jun chen | --- |
| 12 | |||
| 13 | ### **交互功能对比** |
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| 14 | | **功能** | **JavaScript/Plotly** | **Python/Plotly** | **JavaScript/d3** | |
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| 15 | |------------------------|-----------------------|-------------------|----------------------| |
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| 16 | | 缩放/平移 | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | |
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| 17 | | 悬停显示数值 | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | |
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| 18 | | 数据点高亮 | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | |
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| 19 | | 导出为图片（PNG/JPEG） | ✔️ | ✔️ |✔️ | |
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| 20 | | 动态更新数据 | ✔️（需额外代码） | ❌ | ✔️ | |
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| 21 | | 旧firefox支持 | ❌（globalthis） | ? | ✔️ | |
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| 22 | |||
| 23 | --- |
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| 24 | |||
| 25 | 26 | jun chen | ### drc 网页显示 |
| 26 | 28 | jun chen | {{collapse(show code...) |
| 27 | 29 | jun chen | |
| 28 | |||
| 29 | ``` |
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| 30 | <!DOCTYPE html> |
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| 31 | <html> |
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| 32 | <head> |
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| 33 | <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.min.js"></script> |
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| 34 | <style> |
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| 35 | /* 新增图片名称样式 */ |
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| 36 | .modal-content { |
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| 37 | position: relative; |
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| 38 | text-align: center; |
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| 39 | } |
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| 40 | .image-name { |
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| 41 | color: white; |
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| 42 | font-size: 24px; |
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| 43 | margin-top: 10px; |
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| 44 | text-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); |
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| 45 | } |
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| 46 | |||
| 47 | /* 原有样式保持不变 */ |
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| 48 | .category { margin: 20px 0; } |
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| 49 | .thumbnails { |
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| 50 | display: grid; |
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| 51 | grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(120px, 1fr)); |
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| 52 | gap: 8px; |
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| 53 | } |
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| 54 | /* 其他样式... */ |
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| 55 | </style> |
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| 56 | </head> |
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| 57 | <body> |
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| 58 | <div id="gallery"></div> |
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| 59 | |||
| 60 | <script> |
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| 61 | // 修改数据结构：每个图片对象包含name和path |
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| 62 | const categories = [ |
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| 63 | { |
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| 64 | name: "自然", |
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| 65 | photos: [ |
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| 66 | { name: "山脉", path: "nature/1.jpg" }, |
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| 67 | { name: "湖泊", path: "nature/2.jpg" }, |
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| 68 | // ... |
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| 69 | ] |
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| 70 | }, |
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| 71 | // 其他分类... |
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| 72 | ]; |
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| 73 | |||
| 74 | // 创建模态框结构（新增名称显示区域） |
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| 75 | const modal = d3.select("body") |
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| 76 | .append("div") |
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| 77 | .attr("class", "modal"); |
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| 78 | |||
| 79 | const modalContent = modal.append("div") |
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| 80 | .attr("class", "modal-content"); |
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| 81 | |||
| 82 | modalContent.append("img") |
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| 83 | .attr("class", "modal-img"); |
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| 84 | |||
| 85 | // 新增图片名称元素 |
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| 86 | modalContent.append("div") |
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| 87 | .attr("class", "image-name"); |
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| 88 | |||
| 89 | // 其他模态框元素（关闭按钮、导航按钮等）保持不变... |
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| 90 | |||
| 91 | // 修改缩略图绑定方式 |
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| 92 | categoryDivs.each(function(category) { |
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| 93 | d3.select(this) |
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| 94 | .append("div") |
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| 95 | .attr("class", "thumbnails") |
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| 96 | .selectAll(".thumbnail") |
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| 97 | .data(category.photos) |
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| 98 | .join("img") |
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| 99 | .attr("class", "thumbnail") |
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| 100 | .attr("src", d => d.path) |
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| 101 | .on("click", function(event, d) { // 改为传递完整数据对象 |
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| 102 | showModal(category.photos, d); |
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| 103 | }); |
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| 104 | }); |
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| 105 | |||
| 106 | // 修改显示逻辑 |
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| 107 | let currentImages = []; |
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| 108 | let currentIndex = 0; |
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| 109 | |||
| 110 | function showModal(images, selectedImage) { |
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| 111 | currentImages = images; |
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| 112 | currentIndex = images.indexOf(selectedImage); |
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| 113 | |||
| 114 | // 同时更新图片和名称 |
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| 115 | modal.select(".modal-img") |
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| 116 | .attr("src", selectedImage.path); |
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| 117 | |||
| 118 | modal.select(".image-name") |
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| 119 | .text(selectedImage.name); |
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| 120 | |||
| 121 | modal.style("display", "flex"); |
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| 122 | } |
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| 123 | |||
| 124 | // 修改导航逻辑 |
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| 125 | function navigate(direction) { |
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| 126 | currentIndex = (currentIndex + direction + currentImages.length) % currentImages.length; |
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| 127 | const currentImage = currentImages[currentIndex]; |
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| 128 | |||
| 129 | modal.select(".modal-img") |
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| 130 | .attr("src", currentImage.path); |
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| 131 | |||
| 132 | modal.select(".image-name") |
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| 133 | .text(currentImage.name); |
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| 134 | } |
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| 135 | |||
| 136 | // 其他函数保持不变... |
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| 137 | </script> |
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| 138 | </body> |
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| 139 | </html> |
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| 140 | ``` |
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| 141 | |||
| 142 | |||
| 143 | 26 | jun chen | ``` |
| 144 | <!DOCTYPE html> |
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| 145 | <html> |
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| 146 | <head> |
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| 147 | <style> |
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| 148 | .category { margin: 20px 0; } |
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| 149 | .thumbnails { |
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| 150 | display: grid; |
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| 151 | grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(120px, 1fr)); |
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| 152 | gap: 8px; |
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| 153 | } |
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| 154 | .thumbnail { |
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| 155 | width: 120px; |
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| 156 | height: 90px; |
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| 157 | object-fit: cover; |
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| 158 | cursor: pointer; |
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| 159 | transition: transform 0.2s; |
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| 160 | } |
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| 161 | .thumbnail:hover { transform: scale(1.05); } |
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| 162 | /* 模态框样式 */ |
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| 163 | .modal { |
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| 164 | position: fixed; |
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| 165 | top: 0; |
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| 166 | left: 0; |
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| 167 | width: 100vw; |
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| 168 | height: 100vh; |
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| 169 | background: rgba(0,0,0,0.8); |
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| 170 | display: none; |
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| 171 | justify-content: center; |
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| 172 | align-items: center; |
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| 173 | } |
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| 174 | .modal-img { |
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| 175 | max-width: 80%; |
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| 176 | max-height: 80%; |
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| 177 | } |
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| 178 | .close-btn { |
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| 179 | position: absolute; |
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| 180 | top: 20px; |
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| 181 | right: 20px; |
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| 182 | color: white; |
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| 183 | font-size: 30px; |
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| 184 | cursor: pointer; |
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| 185 | } |
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| 186 | .nav-btn { |
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| 187 | position: absolute; |
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| 188 | top: 50%; |
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| 189 | transform: translateY(-50%); |
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| 190 | color: white; |
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| 191 | font-size: 30px; |
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| 192 | cursor: pointer; |
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| 193 | } |
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| 194 | .prev { left: 20px; } |
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| 195 | .next { right: 20px; } |
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| 196 | </style> |
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| 197 | </head> |
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| 198 | <body> |
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| 199 | <div id="gallery"></div> |
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| 200 | </body> |
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| 201 | </html> |
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| 202 | 27 | jun chen | ``` |
| 203 | 26 | jun chen | |
| 204 | ``` |
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| 205 | |||
| 206 | // 模拟数据结构 |
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| 207 | const categories = [ |
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| 208 | { |
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| 209 | name: "自然", |
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| 210 | photos: ["nature/1.jpg", "nature/2.jpg", /*...*/] |
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| 211 | }, |
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| 212 | // 其他四个分类... |
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| 213 | ]; |
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| 214 | |||
| 215 | // 创建照片墙 |
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| 216 | const gallery = d3.select("#gallery"); |
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| 217 | |||
| 218 | // 创建分类容器 |
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| 219 | const categoryDivs = gallery.selectAll(".category") |
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| 220 | .data(categories) |
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| 221 | .join("div") |
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| 222 | .attr("class", "category"); |
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| 223 | |||
| 224 | // 添加分类标题 |
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| 225 | categoryDivs.append("h2") |
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| 226 | .text(d => d.name); |
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| 227 | |||
| 228 | // 创建缩略图网格 |
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| 229 | categoryDivs.each(function(category) { |
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| 230 | const container = d3.select(this); |
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| 231 | |||
| 232 | container.append("div") |
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| 233 | .attr("class", "thumbnails") |
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| 234 | .selectAll(".thumbnail") |
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| 235 | .data(category.photos) |
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| 236 | .join("img") |
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| 237 | .attr("class", "thumbnail") |
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| 238 | .attr("src", d => d) // 根据实际路径调整 |
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| 239 | .on("click", function(event, imgPath) { |
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| 240 | showModal(category.photos, imgPath); |
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| 241 | }); |
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| 242 | }); |
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| 243 | |||
| 244 | // 创建模态框 |
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| 245 | const modal = d3.select("body") |
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| 246 | .append("div") |
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| 247 | .attr("class", "modal"); |
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| 248 | |||
| 249 | modal.append("span") |
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| 250 | .attr("class", "close-btn") |
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| 251 | .html("×") |
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| 252 | .on("click", hideModal); |
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| 253 | |||
| 254 | const img = modal.append("img") |
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| 255 | .attr("class", "modal-img"); |
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| 256 | |||
| 257 | modal.append("div") |
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| 258 | .attr("class", "nav-btn prev") |
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| 259 | .html("❮") |
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| 260 | .on("click", () => navigate(-1)); |
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| 261 | |||
| 262 | modal.append("div") |
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| 263 | .attr("class", "nav-btn next") |
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| 264 | .html("❯") |
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| 265 | .on("click", () => navigate(1)); |
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| 266 | |||
| 267 | let currentImages = []; |
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| 268 | let currentIndex = 0; |
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| 269 | |||
| 270 | // 显示模态框 |
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| 271 | function showModal(images, selectedImage) { |
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| 272 | currentImages = images; |
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| 273 | currentIndex = images.indexOf(selectedImage); |
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| 274 | img.attr("src", selectedImage); |
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| 275 | modal.style("display", "flex"); |
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| 276 | } |
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| 277 | |||
| 278 | // 隐藏模态框 |
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| 279 | function hideModal() { |
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| 280 | modal.style("display", "none"); |
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| 281 | } |
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| 282 | |||
| 283 | // 图片导航 |
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| 284 | function navigate(direction) { |
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| 285 | currentIndex = (currentIndex + direction + currentImages.length) % currentImages.length; |
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| 286 | img.attr("src", currentImages[currentIndex]); |
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| 287 | } |
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| 288 | |||
| 289 | // 点击外部关闭 |
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| 290 | window.onclick = function(event) { |
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| 291 | if (event.target === modal.node()) { |
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| 292 | hideModal(); |
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| 293 | } |
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| 294 | } |
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| 295 | |||
| 296 | // 键盘导航 |
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| 297 | document.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => { |
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| 298 | if (modal.style("display") === "flex") { |
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| 299 | if (e.key === "ArrowLeft") navigate(-1); |
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| 300 | if (e.key === "ArrowRight") navigate(1); |
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| 301 | if (e.key === "Escape") hideModal(); |
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| 302 | } |
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| 303 | 1 | jun chen | }); |
| 304 | 26 | jun chen | ``` |
| 305 | 28 | jun chen | }} |
| 306 | 17 | jun chen | |
| 307 | 25 | jun chen | ### 实现在X轴下方添加可缩放和拖动的滑块条： |
| 308 | |||
| 309 | 24 | jun chen | {{collapse(show code...) |
| 310 | 1 | jun chen | |
| 311 | 24 | jun chen | 1. 调整边距和创建滑块容器 |
| 312 | 22 | jun chen | 在原有SVG中增加底部边距，并为滑块条创建新的容器。 |
| 313 | |||
| 314 | ```javascript |
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| 315 | // 修改边距，底部增加空间给滑块条 |
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| 316 | const margin = { top: 50, right: 50, bottom: 100, left: 50 }; |
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| 317 | |||
| 318 | // 创建主图表容器 |
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| 319 | const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg") |
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| 320 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
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| 321 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) |
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| 322 | .append("g") |
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| 323 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
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| 324 | |||
| 325 | // 创建滑块条的容器（位于主图表下方） |
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| 326 | const slider = d3.select("svg") |
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| 327 | .append("g") |
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| 328 | .attr("class", "slider") |
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| 329 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${height + margin.top + 20})`); |
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| 330 | 1 | jun chen | ``` |
| 331 | 22 | jun chen | |
| 332 | 24 | jun chen | 2. 初始化滑块比例尺和轴 |
| 333 | 22 | jun chen | 使用主图表的原始数据范围定义滑块的比例尺。 |
| 334 | |||
| 335 | ```javascript |
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| 336 | // 主图表的比例尺（可缩放） |
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| 337 | let x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
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| 338 | |||
| 339 | // 滑块的比例尺（固定为完整数据范围） |
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| 340 | let xSlider = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
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| 341 | |||
| 342 | // 滑块的X轴 |
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| 343 | const xAxisSlider = d3.axisBottom(xSlider) |
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| 344 | .tickSize(0) |
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| 345 | 1 | jun chen | .tickFormat(""); |
| 346 | 22 | jun chen | ``` |
| 347 | |||
| 348 | 24 | jun chen | 3. 绘制滑块条的背景和轴 |
| 349 | 22 | jun chen | 在滑块区域绘制简化的折线图和轴。 |
| 350 | |||
| 351 | ```javascript |
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| 352 | // 在数据加载后初始化滑块 |
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| 353 | d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => { |
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| 354 | // ...原有数据处理... |
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| 355 | |||
| 356 | // 初始化滑块比例尺 |
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| 357 | xSlider.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.index)); |
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| 358 | |||
| 359 | // 绘制滑块背景折线 |
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| 360 | slider.append("path") |
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| 361 | .datum(data) |
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| 362 | .attr("class", "slider-line") |
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| 363 | .attr("d", d3.line() |
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| 364 | .x(d => xSlider(d.index)) |
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| 365 | .y(0)); // 简化高度 |
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| 366 | |||
| 367 | // 添加滑块轴 |
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| 368 | slider.append("g") |
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| 369 | .attr("class", "x-axis-slider") |
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| 370 | 1 | jun chen | .call(xAxisSlider); |
| 371 | 22 | jun chen | }); |
| 372 | ``` |
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| 373 | |||
| 374 | 24 | jun chen | 4. 添加刷子并处理事件 |
| 375 | 22 | jun chen | 使用`d3.brushX`创建交互刷子。 |
| 376 | |||
| 377 | ```javascript |
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| 378 | // 创建刷子 |
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| 379 | const brush = d3.brushX() |
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| 380 | .extent([[0, -10], [width, 10]]) // 设置刷子区域高度 |
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| 381 | .on("brush", brushing) |
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| 382 | .on("end", brushEnded); |
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| 383 | |||
| 384 | // 应用刷子到滑块 |
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| 385 | slider.append("g") |
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| 386 | .attr("class", "brush") |
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| 387 | .call(brush); |
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| 388 | |||
| 389 | // 刷子拖动时的处理函数 |
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| 390 | function brushing(event) { |
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| 391 | if (!event.selection) return; |
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| 392 | const [x0, x1] = event.selection; |
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| 393 | x.domain([xSlider.invert(x0), xSlider.invert(x1)]); |
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| 394 | updateMainChart(); // 更新主图表 |
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| 395 | } |
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| 396 | |||
| 397 | // 刷子结束时的处理（双击重置） |
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| 398 | function brushEnded(event) { |
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| 399 | if (!event.selection) { |
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| 400 | x.domain(xSlider.domain()); // 重置为完整范围 |
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| 401 | 1 | jun chen | updateMainChart(); |
| 402 | 22 | jun chen | } |
| 403 | } |
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| 404 | ``` |
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| 405 | |||
| 406 | 24 | jun chen | 5. 封装主图表更新函数 |
| 407 | 22 | jun chen | 将主图表的绘制逻辑封装成可重用的函数。 |
| 408 | |||
| 409 | ```javascript |
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| 410 | function updateMainChart() { |
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| 411 | // 更新X轴 |
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| 412 | svg.select(".x-axis").call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
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| 413 | |||
| 414 | // 更新折线 |
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| 415 | svg.selectAll(".line") |
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| 416 | .attr("d", d3.line() |
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| 417 | .x(d => x(d.index)) |
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| 418 | .y(d => y(d[currentY]))); |
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| 419 | |||
| 420 | // 更新点位置 |
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| 421 | svg.selectAll(".dot") |
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| 422 | .attr("cx", d => x(d.index)); |
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| 423 | 1 | jun chen | |
| 424 | 22 | jun chen | // 更新背景区域 |
| 425 | drawBackgroundRegions(ranges); |
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| 426 | } |
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| 427 | ``` |
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| 428 | |||
| 429 | 24 | jun chen | 6. CSS样式调整 |
| 430 | 22 | jun chen | 添加滑块条样式： |
| 431 | |||
| 432 | ```css |
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| 433 | .slider-line { |
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| 434 | fill: none; |
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| 435 | stroke: #666; |
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| 436 | stroke-width: 1px; |
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| 437 | } |
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| 438 | |||
| 439 | .brush .selection { |
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| 440 | fill: steelblue; |
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| 441 | fill-opacity: 0.3; |
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| 442 | stroke: none; |
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| 443 | 1 | jun chen | } |
| 444 | 22 | jun chen | |
| 445 | .brush .handle { |
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| 446 | fill: steelblue; |
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| 447 | } |
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| 448 | ``` |
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| 449 | |||
| 450 | 24 | jun chen | 7. 完整修改后的代码结构 |
| 451 | 22 | jun chen | 整合上述修改后的核心代码： |
| 452 | |||
| 453 | ```javascript |
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| 454 | // 设置边距和尺寸 |
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| 455 | const margin = { top: 50, right: 50, bottom: 100, left: 50 }; |
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| 456 | const width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right; |
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| 457 | const height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom; |
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| 458 | |||
| 459 | // 创建SVG容器 |
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| 460 | const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg") |
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| 461 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
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| 462 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom + 50); // 增加底部空间 |
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| 463 | |||
| 464 | // 主图表容器 |
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| 465 | const main = svg.append("g") |
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| 466 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
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| 467 | |||
| 468 | // 滑块容器 |
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| 469 | const slider = svg.append("g") |
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| 470 | .attr("class", "slider") |
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| 471 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${height + margin.top + 30})`); |
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| 472 | |||
| 473 | // 初始化比例尺 |
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| 474 | const x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
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| 475 | const xSlider = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
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| 476 | const y = d3.scaleLinear().range([height, 0]); |
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| 477 | |||
| 478 | // 加载数据 |
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| 479 | d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => { |
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| 480 | // 数据处理... |
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| 481 | data.forEach(d => { |
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| 482 | d.index = +d.index; |
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| 483 | d.observation1 = +d.observation1; |
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| 484 | d.observation2 = +d.observation2; |
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| 485 | }); |
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| 486 | |||
| 487 | // 设置比例尺 |
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| 488 | x.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.index)); |
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| 489 | xSlider.domain(x.domain()); |
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| 490 | y.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => Math.max(d.observation1, d.observation2))]); |
||
| 491 | |||
| 492 | // 绘制主图表 |
||
| 493 | drawMainChart(data); |
||
| 494 | |||
| 495 | // 绘制滑块背景 |
||
| 496 | slider.append("path") |
||
| 497 | .datum(data) |
||
| 498 | .attr("class", "slider-line") |
||
| 499 | .attr("d", d3.line() |
||
| 500 | .x(d => xSlider(d.index)) |
||
| 501 | .y(0)); |
||
| 502 | |||
| 503 | // 添加刷子 |
||
| 504 | const brush = d3.brushX() |
||
| 505 | .extent([[0, -10], [width, 10]]) |
||
| 506 | .on("brush", brushing) |
||
| 507 | .on("end", brushEnded); |
||
| 508 | |||
| 509 | slider.append("g") |
||
| 510 | .attr("class", "brush") |
||
| 511 | .call(brush); |
||
| 512 | }); |
||
| 513 | |||
| 514 | function drawMainChart(data) { |
||
| 515 | // 绘制折线、点、轴等... |
||
| 516 | // 使用x比例尺进行所有定位 |
||
| 517 | } |
||
| 518 | |||
| 519 | function updateMainChart() { |
||
| 520 | // 更新所有依赖x比例尺的元素 |
||
| 521 | main.select(".x-axis").call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
||
| 522 | main.selectAll(".line").attr("d", ...); |
||
| 523 | main.selectAll(".dot").attr("cx", ...); |
||
| 524 | // 更新背景区域... |
||
| 525 | } |
||
| 526 | |||
| 527 | // 刷子事件处理函数 |
||
| 528 | function brushing(event) { |
||
| 529 | if (!event.selection) return; |
||
| 530 | const [x0, x1] = event.selection.map(xSlider.invert); |
||
| 531 | x.domain([x0, x1]); |
||
| 532 | updateMainChart(); |
||
| 533 | } |
||
| 534 | |||
| 535 | 1 | jun chen | function brushEnded(event) { |
| 536 | 22 | jun chen | if (!event.selection) { |
| 537 | x.domain(xSlider.domain()); |
||
| 538 | updateMainChart(); |
||
| 539 | } |
||
| 540 | } |
||
| 541 | ``` |
||
| 542 | 24 | jun chen | }} |
| 543 | 22 | jun chen | |
| 544 | 20 | jun chen | ### 交互，圆圈，准心 |
| 545 | 1 | jun chen | |
| 546 | 20 | jun chen | {{collapse(show code...) |
| 547 | |||
| 548 | 19 | jun chen | ``` |
| 549 | // 设置图表的尺寸和边距 |
||
| 550 | const margin = {top: 50, right: 50, bottom: 50, left: 50}, |
||
| 551 | width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right, |
||
| 552 | height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom; |
||
| 553 | |||
| 554 | // 设置SVG的尺寸 |
||
| 555 | const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg") |
||
| 556 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
||
| 557 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) |
||
| 558 | .append("g") |
||
| 559 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
||
| 560 | |||
| 561 | // 设置比例尺 |
||
| 562 | const x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
||
| 563 | const y = d3.scaleLinear().range([height, 0]); |
||
| 564 | |||
| 565 | // 定义折线生成器 |
||
| 566 | const line = d3.line() |
||
| 567 | .x(d => x(d.index)) // 使用第一列（index）作为X轴 |
||
| 568 | .y(d => y(d.observation)); // 使用观测值作为Y轴 |
||
| 569 | |||
| 570 | // 初始化Y轴数据为第二列（observation1） |
||
| 571 | let currentY = "observation1"; |
||
| 572 | |||
| 573 | // 创建高亮圆圈 |
||
| 574 | const highlightCircle = svg.append("circle") |
||
| 575 | .attr("class", "highlight-circle") |
||
| 576 | .attr("r", 7) // 圆圈的半径 |
||
| 577 | .style("fill", "none") |
||
| 578 | .style("stroke", "red") |
||
| 579 | .style("stroke-width", 2) |
||
| 580 | .style("opacity", 0); // 初始不可见 |
||
| 581 | |||
| 582 | // 创建准心线（水平线和垂直线） |
||
| 583 | const horizontalLine = svg.append("line") |
||
| 584 | .attr("class", "crosshair-line") |
||
| 585 | .style("stroke", "red") |
||
| 586 | .style("stroke-width", 1) |
||
| 587 | .style("stroke-dasharray", "3,3") // 虚线样式 |
||
| 588 | .style("opacity", 0); // 初始不可见 |
||
| 589 | |||
| 590 | const verticalLine = svg.append("line") |
||
| 591 | .attr("class", "crosshair-line") |
||
| 592 | .style("stroke", "red") |
||
| 593 | .style("stroke-width", 1) |
||
| 594 | .style("stroke-dasharray", "3,3") // 虚线样式 |
||
| 595 | .style("opacity", 0); // 初始不可见 |
||
| 596 | |||
| 597 | // 解析 label 中的 begin 和 end 标记 |
||
| 598 | function parseLabelRanges(data) { |
||
| 599 | const ranges = []; |
||
| 600 | let beginIndex = null; |
||
| 601 | |||
| 602 | data.forEach((d, i) => { |
||
| 603 | if (d.label.startsWith("begin")) { |
||
| 604 | beginIndex = d.index; // 记录 begin 的 index |
||
| 605 | } else if (d.label.startsWith("end") && beginIndex !== null) { |
||
| 606 | ranges.push({ begin: beginIndex, end: d.index }); // 记录 begin 和 end 的范围 |
||
| 607 | beginIndex = null; // 重置 beginIndex |
||
| 608 | } |
||
| 609 | }); |
||
| 610 | |||
| 611 | return ranges; |
||
| 612 | } |
||
| 613 | |||
| 614 | // 绘制绿色背景区域 |
||
| 615 | function drawBackgroundRegions(ranges) { |
||
| 616 | // 移除旧的背景区域 |
||
| 617 | svg.selectAll(".background-region").remove(); |
||
| 618 | |||
| 619 | // 绘制新的背景区域 |
||
| 620 | ranges.forEach(range => { |
||
| 621 | svg.append("rect") |
||
| 622 | .attr("class", "background-region") |
||
| 623 | .attr("x", x(range.begin)) // 起始位置 |
||
| 624 | .attr("width", x(range.end) - x(range.begin)) // 宽度 |
||
| 625 | .attr("y", 0) // 从顶部开始 |
||
| 626 | .attr("height", height) // 覆盖整个图表高度 |
||
| 627 | .style("fill", "green") |
||
| 628 | .style("opacity", 0.2); // 设置透明度 |
||
| 629 | }); |
||
| 630 | } |
||
| 631 | |||
| 632 | // 读取CSV文件 |
||
| 633 | d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => { |
||
| 634 | // 转换数据类型 |
||
| 635 | data.forEach(d => { |
||
| 636 | d.index = +d.index; // 第一列转换为数值 |
||
| 637 | d.observation1 = +d.observation1; // 第二列转换为数值 |
||
| 638 | d.observation2 = +d.observation2; // 第三列转换为数值 |
||
| 639 | }); |
||
| 640 | |||
| 641 | // 设置比例尺的域 |
||
| 642 | x.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.index)); // X轴范围为第一列的最小值和最大值 |
||
| 643 | y.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => Math.max(d.observation1, d.observation2))]; // Y轴范围为0到观测值的最大值 |
||
| 644 | |||
| 645 | // 解析 label 中的 begin 和 end 标记 |
||
| 646 | const ranges = parseLabelRanges(data); |
||
| 647 | |||
| 648 | // 绘制初始折线图（使用observation1） |
||
| 649 | drawChart(data, ranges); |
||
| 650 | |||
| 651 | // 添加按钮点击事件 |
||
| 652 | d3.select("#toggleButton").on("click", function() { |
||
| 653 | // 切换Y轴数据 |
||
| 654 | currentY = currentY === "observation1" ? "observation2" : "observation1"; |
||
| 655 | // 更新按钮文本 |
||
| 656 | d3.select(this).text(currentY === "observation1" ? "Switch to Observation 2" : "Switch to Observation 1"); |
||
| 657 | // 重新绘制折线图 |
||
| 658 | drawChart(data, ranges); |
||
| 659 | }); |
||
| 660 | }); |
||
| 661 | |||
| 662 | // 绘制折线图的函数 |
||
| 663 | function drawChart(data, ranges) { |
||
| 664 | // 移除旧的折线和点 |
||
| 665 | svg.selectAll(".line").remove(); |
||
| 666 | svg.selectAll(".dot").remove(); |
||
| 667 | |||
| 668 | // 更新折线生成器的Y值 |
||
| 669 | line.y(d => y(d[currentY])); |
||
| 670 | |||
| 671 | // 添加折线 |
||
| 672 | svg.append("path") |
||
| 673 | .datum(data) |
||
| 674 | .attr("class", `line ${currentY === "observation1" ? "line1" : "line2"}`) |
||
| 675 | .attr("d", line); |
||
| 676 | |||
| 677 | // 添加点 |
||
| 678 | svg.selectAll(".dot") |
||
| 679 | .data(data) |
||
| 680 | .enter().append("circle") |
||
| 681 | .attr("class", "dot") |
||
| 682 | .attr("cx", d => x(d.index)) // 使用第一列（index）作为X轴 |
||
| 683 | .attr("cy", d => y(d[currentY])) // 使用当前观测值作为Y轴 |
||
| 684 | .attr("r", 5) |
||
| 685 | .on("mouseover", function(event, d) { |
||
| 686 | // 显示高亮圆圈 |
||
| 687 | highlightCircle |
||
| 688 | .attr("cx", x(d.index)) |
||
| 689 | .attr("cy", y(d[currentY])) |
||
| 690 | .style("opacity", 1); |
||
| 691 | |||
| 692 | // 显示准心线 |
||
| 693 | horizontalLine |
||
| 694 | .attr("x1", 0) |
||
| 695 | .attr("x2", width) |
||
| 696 | .attr("y1", y(d[currentY])) |
||
| 697 | .attr("y2", y(d[currentY])) |
||
| 698 | .style("opacity", 1); |
||
| 699 | |||
| 700 | verticalLine |
||
| 701 | .attr("x1", x(d.index)) |
||
| 702 | .attr("x2", x(d.index)) |
||
| 703 | .attr("y1", 0) |
||
| 704 | .attr("y2", height) |
||
| 705 | .style("opacity", 1); |
||
| 706 | |||
| 707 | // 显示工具提示 |
||
| 708 | tooltip.transition() |
||
| 709 | .duration(200) |
||
| 710 | .style("opacity", .9); |
||
| 711 | tooltip.html(` |
||
| 712 | <div><strong>Index:</strong> ${d.index}</div> |
||
| 713 | <div><strong>Observation:</strong> ${d[currentY]}</div> |
||
| 714 | <div><strong>Label:</strong> ${d.label}</div> |
||
| 715 | `) |
||
| 716 | .style("left", (event.pageX + 5) + "px") |
||
| 717 | .style("top", (event.pageY - 28) + "px"); |
||
| 718 | }) |
||
| 719 | .on("mouseout", function(d) { |
||
| 720 | // 隐藏高亮圆圈和准心线 |
||
| 721 | highlightCircle.style("opacity", 0); |
||
| 722 | horizontalLine.style("opacity", 0); |
||
| 723 | verticalLine.style("opacity", 0); |
||
| 724 | |||
| 725 | // 隐藏工具提示 |
||
| 726 | tooltip.transition() |
||
| 727 | .duration(500) |
||
| 728 | .style("opacity", 0); |
||
| 729 | }); |
||
| 730 | |||
| 731 | // 绘制绿色背景区域 |
||
| 732 | drawBackgroundRegions(ranges); |
||
| 733 | |||
| 734 | // 添加X轴 |
||
| 735 | svg.select(".x-axis").remove(); // 移除旧的X轴 |
||
| 736 | svg.append("g") |
||
| 737 | .attr("class", "x-axis") |
||
| 738 | .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`) |
||
| 739 | .call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
||
| 740 | |||
| 741 | // 添加Y轴 |
||
| 742 | svg.select(".y-axis").remove(); // 移除旧的Y轴 |
||
| 743 | svg.append("g") |
||
| 744 | .attr("class", "y-axis") |
||
| 745 | .call(d3.axisLeft(y)); |
||
| 746 | |||
| 747 | // 添加X轴标签 |
||
| 748 | svg.select(".x-axis-label").remove(); // 移除旧的X轴标签 |
||
| 749 | svg.append("text") |
||
| 750 | .attr("class", "x-axis-label") |
||
| 751 | .attr("x", width / 2) |
||
| 752 | .attr("y", height + margin.bottom - 10) |
||
| 753 | .style("text-anchor", "middle") |
||
| 754 | .text("时间"); |
||
| 755 | |||
| 756 | // 添加Y轴标签 |
||
| 757 | svg.select(".y-axis-label").remove(); // 移除旧的Y轴标签 |
||
| 758 | svg.append("text") |
||
| 759 | .attr("class", "y-axis-label") |
||
| 760 | .attr("transform", "rotate(-90)") |
||
| 761 | .attr("x", -height / 2) |
||
| 762 | .attr("y", -margin.left + 20) |
||
| 763 | .style("text-anchor", "middle") |
||
| 764 | .text("观测值"); |
||
| 765 | } |
||
| 766 | |||
| 767 | // 添加提示工具 |
||
| 768 | const tooltip = d3.select("body").append("div") |
||
| 769 | .attr("class", "tooltip") |
||
| 770 | .style("opacity", 0) |
||
| 771 | .style("font-size", "14px") // 放大字体 |
||
| 772 | .style("text-align", "left"); // 左对齐 |
||
| 773 | |||
| 774 | 1 | jun chen | ``` |
| 775 | 20 | jun chen | }} |
| 776 | 17 | jun chen | |
| 777 | 20 | jun chen | ### button 切换图表 |
| 778 | 17 | jun chen | |
| 779 | 18 | jun chen | |
| 780 | {{collapse(show code...) |
||
| 781 | 17 | jun chen | ``` |
| 782 | // 设置图表的尺寸和边距 |
||
| 783 | const margin = {top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 40}, |
||
| 784 | width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right, |
||
| 785 | height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom; |
||
| 786 | |||
| 787 | // 设置SVG的尺寸 |
||
| 788 | const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg") |
||
| 789 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
||
| 790 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) |
||
| 791 | .append("g") |
||
| 792 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
||
| 793 | |||
| 794 | // 设置比例尺 |
||
| 795 | const x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
||
| 796 | const y = d3.scaleLinear().range([height, 0]); |
||
| 797 | |||
| 798 | // 定义折线生成器 |
||
| 799 | const line = d3.line() |
||
| 800 | .x(d => x(d.index)) // 使用第一列（index）作为X轴 |
||
| 801 | .y(d => y(d.observation)); // 使用观测值作为Y轴 |
||
| 802 | |||
| 803 | // 初始化Y轴数据为第二列（observation1） |
||
| 804 | let currentY = "observation1"; |
||
| 805 | |||
| 806 | // 读取CSV文件 |
||
| 807 | 1 | jun chen | d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => { |
| 808 | 17 | jun chen | // 转换数据类型 |
| 809 | 18 | jun chen | data.forEach(d => { |
| 810 | d.index = + parseInt(d.index); // 第一列转换为数值 |
||
| 811 | d.observation1 = + parseFloat(d.observation1); // 第二列转换为数值 |
||
| 812 | 17 | jun chen | d.observation2 = + parseFloat(d.observation2); // 第三列转换为数值 |
| 813 | }); |
||
| 814 | |||
| 815 | // 设置比例尺的域 |
||
| 816 | x.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.index)); // X轴范围为第一列的最小值和最大值 |
||
| 817 | y.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => Math.max(d.observation1, d.observation2))]); // Y轴范围为0到观测值的最大值 |
||
| 818 | |||
| 819 | // 绘制初始折线图（使用observation1） |
||
| 820 | drawChart(data); |
||
| 821 | |||
| 822 | // 添加按钮点击事件 |
||
| 823 | d3.select("#toggleButton").on("click", function() { |
||
| 824 | // 切换Y轴数据 |
||
| 825 | currentY = currentY === "observation1" ? "observation2" : "observation1"; |
||
| 826 | // 更新按钮文本 |
||
| 827 | d3.select(this).text(currentY === "observation1" ? "Switch to Observation 2" : "Switch to Observation 1"); |
||
| 828 | // 重新绘制折线图 |
||
| 829 | drawChart(data); |
||
| 830 | }); |
||
| 831 | }); |
||
| 832 | |||
| 833 | // 绘制折线图的函数 |
||
| 834 | function drawChart(data) { |
||
| 835 | // 移除旧的折线和点 |
||
| 836 | svg.selectAll(".line").remove(); |
||
| 837 | svg.selectAll(".dot").remove(); |
||
| 838 | |||
| 839 | // 更新折线生成器的Y值 |
||
| 840 | line.y(d => y(d[currentY])); |
||
| 841 | |||
| 842 | // 添加折线 |
||
| 843 | svg.append("path") |
||
| 844 | .datum(data) |
||
| 845 | .attr("class", `line ${currentY === "observation1" ? "line1" : "line2"}`) |
||
| 846 | .attr("d", line); |
||
| 847 | |||
| 848 | // 添加点 |
||
| 849 | svg.selectAll(".dot") |
||
| 850 | .data(data) |
||
| 851 | .enter().append("circle") |
||
| 852 | .attr("class", "dot") |
||
| 853 | .attr("cx", d => x(d.index)) // 使用第一列（index）作为X轴 |
||
| 854 | .attr("cy", d => y(d[currentY])) // 使用当前观测值作为Y轴 |
||
| 855 | .attr("r", 5) |
||
| 856 | .on("mouseover", function(event, d) { |
||
| 857 | tooltip.transition() |
||
| 858 | .duration(200) |
||
| 859 | .style("opacity", .9); |
||
| 860 | tooltip.html(`Index: ${d.index}<br>Observation: ${d[currentY]}<br>Label: ${d.label}`) |
||
| 861 | .style("left", (event.pageX + 5) + "px") |
||
| 862 | .style("top", (event.pageY - 28) + "px"); |
||
| 863 | }) |
||
| 864 | .on("mouseout", function(d) { |
||
| 865 | tooltip.transition() |
||
| 866 | .duration(500) |
||
| 867 | .style("opacity", 0); |
||
| 868 | }); |
||
| 869 | |||
| 870 | // 添加X轴 |
||
| 871 | svg.select(".x-axis").remove(); // 移除旧的X轴 |
||
| 872 | svg.append("g") |
||
| 873 | .attr("class", "x-axis") |
||
| 874 | .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`) |
||
| 875 | .call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
||
| 876 | |||
| 877 | // 添加Y轴 |
||
| 878 | svg.select(".y-axis").remove(); // 移除旧的Y轴 |
||
| 879 | svg.append("g") |
||
| 880 | .attr("class", "y-axis") |
||
| 881 | .call(d3.axisLeft(y)); |
||
| 882 | } |
||
| 883 | 1 | jun chen | |
| 884 | 17 | jun chen | // 添加提示工具 |
| 885 | const tooltip = d3.select("body").append("div") |
||
| 886 | .attr("class", "tooltip") |
||
| 887 | 18 | jun chen | .style("opacity", 0); |
| 888 | 17 | jun chen | ``` |
| 889 | |||
| 890 | 16 | jun chen | |
| 891 | 15 | jun chen | ### js d3 读入 csv 并绘制折线交互 |
| 892 | 16 | jun chen | |
| 893 | 15 | jun chen | {{collapse(show code...) |
| 894 | ``` |
||
| 895 | |||
| 896 | // 设置图表的尺寸和边距 |
||
| 897 | const margin = {top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 40}, |
||
| 898 | width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right, |
||
| 899 | height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom; |
||
| 900 | |||
| 901 | // 设置SVG的尺寸 |
||
| 902 | const svg = d3.select("#chart").append("svg") |
||
| 903 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
||
| 904 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) |
||
| 905 | .append("g") |
||
| 906 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
||
| 907 | |||
| 908 | // 设置比例尺 |
||
| 909 | const x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, width]); |
||
| 910 | const y = d3.scaleLinear().range([height, 0]); |
||
| 911 | |||
| 912 | // 定义折线生成器 |
||
| 913 | const line = d3.line() |
||
| 914 | .x((d, i) => x(i)) |
||
| 915 | .y(d => y(d.observation)); |
||
| 916 | |||
| 917 | // 读取CSV文件 |
||
| 918 | d3.csv("data.csv").then(data => { |
||
| 919 | // 转换数据类型 |
||
| 920 | data.forEach((d, i) => { |
||
| 921 | d.observation = +d.observation; |
||
| 922 | d.index = i; |
||
| 923 | }); |
||
| 924 | |||
| 925 | // 设置比例尺的域 |
||
| 926 | x.domain([0, data.length - 1]); |
||
| 927 | y.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.observation)]); |
||
| 928 | |||
| 929 | // 添加折线 |
||
| 930 | svg.append("path") |
||
| 931 | .datum(data) |
||
| 932 | .attr("class", "line") |
||
| 933 | .attr("d", line); |
||
| 934 | |||
| 935 | // 添加点 |
||
| 936 | svg.selectAll(".dot") |
||
| 937 | .data(data) |
||
| 938 | .enter().append("circle") |
||
| 939 | .attr("class", "dot") |
||
| 940 | .attr("cx", (d, i) => x(i)) |
||
| 941 | .attr("cy", d => y(d.observation)) |
||
| 942 | .attr("r", 5) |
||
| 943 | .on("mouseover", function(event, d) { |
||
| 944 | tooltip.transition() |
||
| 945 | .duration(200) |
||
| 946 | .style("opacity", .9); |
||
| 947 | tooltip.html(`Observation: ${d.observation}<br>Label: ${d.label}`) |
||
| 948 | .style("left", (event.pageX + 5) + "px") |
||
| 949 | .style("top", (event.pageY - 28) + "px"); |
||
| 950 | }) |
||
| 951 | .on("mouseout", function(d) { |
||
| 952 | tooltip.transition() |
||
| 953 | .duration(500) |
||
| 954 | .style("opacity", 0); |
||
| 955 | }); |
||
| 956 | |||
| 957 | // 添加X轴 |
||
| 958 | svg.append("g") |
||
| 959 | .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`) |
||
| 960 | .call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
||
| 961 | |||
| 962 | // 添加Y轴 |
||
| 963 | svg.append("g") |
||
| 964 | .call(d3.axisLeft(y)); |
||
| 965 | }); |
||
| 966 | |||
| 967 | // 添加提示工具 |
||
| 968 | const tooltip = d3.select("body").append("div") |
||
| 969 | .attr("class", "tooltip") |
||
| 970 | .style("opacity", 0); |
||
| 971 | ``` |
||
| 972 | |||
| 973 | ``` |
||
| 974 | <!DOCTYPE html> |
||
| 975 | <html lang="en"> |
||
| 976 | <head> |
||
| 977 | <meta charset="UTF-8"> |
||
| 978 | <title>D3.js Line Chart</title> |
||
| 979 | <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.min.js"></script> |
||
| 980 | <style> |
||
| 981 | .line { |
||
| 982 | fill: none; |
||
| 983 | stroke: steelblue; |
||
| 984 | stroke-width: 2px; |
||
| 985 | } |
||
| 986 | .dot { |
||
| 987 | fill: steelblue; |
||
| 988 | stroke: #fff; |
||
| 989 | } |
||
| 990 | .tooltip { |
||
| 991 | position: absolute; |
||
| 992 | text-align: center; |
||
| 993 | width: 120px; |
||
| 994 | height: auto; |
||
| 995 | padding: 5px; |
||
| 996 | font: 12px sans-serif; |
||
| 997 | background: lightsteelblue; |
||
| 998 | border: 0px; |
||
| 999 | border-radius: 8px; |
||
| 1000 | pointer-events: none; |
||
| 1001 | } |
||
| 1002 | </style> |
||
| 1003 | </head> |
||
| 1004 | <body> |
||
| 1005 | <div id="chart"></div> |
||
| 1006 | 1 | jun chen | <script src="script.js"></script> |
| 1007 | 15 | jun chen | </body> |
| 1008 | </html> |
||
| 1009 | |||
| 1010 | 16 | jun chen | ``` |
| 1011 | 15 | jun chen | }} |
| 1012 | 5 | jun chen | |
| 1013 | 4 | jun chen | ### js d3 内嵌数据显示折线 |
| 1014 | 6 | jun chen | |
| 1015 | {{collapse(show code...) |
||
| 1016 | 1 | jun chen | |
| 1017 | ``` |
||
| 1018 | <!DOCTYPE html> |
||
| 1019 | <html lang="en"> |
||
| 1020 | <head> |
||
| 1021 | <meta charset="UTF-8"> |
||
| 1022 | <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> |
||
| 1023 | <title>分段填充折线图</title> |
||
| 1024 | <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.min.js"></script> |
||
| 1025 | <style> |
||
| 1026 | .tooltip { |
||
| 1027 | position: absolute; |
||
| 1028 | background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); |
||
| 1029 | border: 1px solid #ccc; |
||
| 1030 | padding: 5px; |
||
| 1031 | font-size: 12px; |
||
| 1032 | pointer-events: none; |
||
| 1033 | opacity: 0; |
||
| 1034 | } |
||
| 1035 | .line { |
||
| 1036 | fill: none; |
||
| 1037 | stroke: black; |
||
| 1038 | stroke-width: 2; |
||
| 1039 | } |
||
| 1040 | </style> |
||
| 1041 | </head> |
||
| 1042 | <body> |
||
| 1043 | <div id="chart"></div> |
||
| 1044 | <div class="tooltip" id="tooltip"></div> |
||
| 1045 | |||
| 1046 | <script> |
||
| 1047 | // 示例数据 |
||
| 1048 | const data = [ |
||
| 1049 | { time: "2025-01-01", value: 10, description: "说明1" }, |
||
| 1050 | { time: "2025-01-02", value: 15, description: "说明2" }, |
||
| 1051 | { time: "2025-01-03", value: 20, description: "说明3" }, |
||
| 1052 | { time: "2025-01-04", value: 25, description: "说明4" }, |
||
| 1053 | { time: "2025-01-05", value: 30, description: "说明5" }, |
||
| 1054 | { time: "2025-01-06", value: 35, description: "说明6" }, |
||
| 1055 | { time: "2025-01-07", value: 40, description: "说明7" }, |
||
| 1056 | { time: "2025-01-08", value: 45, description: "说明8" }, |
||
| 1057 | { time: "2025-01-09", value: 50, description: "说明9" }, |
||
| 1058 | { time: "2025-01-10", value: 55, description: "说明10" }, |
||
| 1059 | { time: "2025-01-11", value: 60, description: "说明11" }, |
||
| 1060 | { time: "2025-01-12", value: 65, description: "说明12" }, |
||
| 1061 | { time: "2025-01-13", value: 70, description: "说明13" }, |
||
| 1062 | { time: "2025-01-14", value: 75, description: "说明14" }, |
||
| 1063 | { time: "2025-01-15", value: 80, description: "说明15" }, |
||
| 1064 | { time: "2025-01-16", value: 85, description: "说明16" }, |
||
| 1065 | { time: "2025-01-17", value: 90, description: "说明17" }, |
||
| 1066 | { time: "2025-01-18", value: 95, description: "说明18" }, |
||
| 1067 | { time: "2025-01-19", value: 100, description: "说明19" }, |
||
| 1068 | { time: "2025-01-20", value: 105, description: "说明20" } |
||
| 1069 | ]; |
||
| 1070 | |||
| 1071 | // 设置图表尺寸 |
||
| 1072 | const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 40 }; |
||
| 1073 | const width = 800 - margin.left - margin.right; |
||
| 1074 | const height = 400 - margin.top - margin.bottom; |
||
| 1075 | |||
| 1076 | // 创建 SVG 容器 |
||
| 1077 | const svg = d3.select("#chart") |
||
| 1078 | .append("svg") |
||
| 1079 | .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) |
||
| 1080 | .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) |
||
| 1081 | .append("g") |
||
| 1082 | .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`); |
||
| 1083 | |||
| 1084 | // 解析时间格式 |
||
| 1085 | const parseTime = d3.timeParse("%Y-%m-%d"); |
||
| 1086 | |||
| 1087 | // 格式化数据 |
||
| 1088 | data.forEach(d => { |
||
| 1089 | d.time = parseTime(d.time); |
||
| 1090 | d.value = +d.value; |
||
| 1091 | }); |
||
| 1092 | |||
| 1093 | // 设置比例尺 |
||
| 1094 | const x = d3.scaleTime() |
||
| 1095 | .domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.time)) |
||
| 1096 | .range([0, width]); |
||
| 1097 | |||
| 1098 | const y = d3.scaleLinear() |
||
| 1099 | .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)]) |
||
| 1100 | .range([height, 0]); |
||
| 1101 | |||
| 1102 | // 添加 X 轴 |
||
| 1103 | svg.append("g") |
||
| 1104 | .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`) |
||
| 1105 | .call(d3.axisBottom(x)); |
||
| 1106 | |||
| 1107 | // 添加 Y 轴 |
||
| 1108 | svg.append("g") |
||
| 1109 | .call(d3.axisLeft(y)); |
||
| 1110 | |||
| 1111 | // 创建折线生成器 |
||
| 1112 | const line = d3.line() |
||
| 1113 | .x(d => x(d.time)) |
||
| 1114 | .y(d => y(d.value)); |
||
| 1115 | |||
| 1116 | // 绘制折线 |
||
| 1117 | svg.append("path") |
||
| 1118 | .datum(data) |
||
| 1119 | .attr("class", "line") |
||
| 1120 | .attr("d", line); |
||
| 1121 | |||
| 1122 | // 分段填充颜色 |
||
| 1123 | const first10 = data.slice(0, 10); |
||
| 1124 | const last10 = data.slice(-10); |
||
| 1125 | const middle = data.slice(10, -10); |
||
| 1126 | |||
| 1127 | // 填充前十个时间段的绿色区域 |
||
| 1128 | svg.append("path") |
||
| 1129 | .datum(first10) |
||
| 1130 | .attr("fill", "green") |
||
| 1131 | .attr("opacity", 0.3) |
||
| 1132 | .attr("d", d3.area() |
||
| 1133 | .x(d => x(d.time)) |
||
| 1134 | .y0(height) |
||
| 1135 | .y1(d => y(d.value)) |
||
| 1136 | ); |
||
| 1137 | |||
| 1138 | // 填充中间时间段的蓝色区域 |
||
| 1139 | svg.append("path") |
||
| 1140 | .datum(middle) |
||
| 1141 | .attr("fill", "blue") |
||
| 1142 | .attr("opacity", 0.3) |
||
| 1143 | .attr("d", d3.area() |
||
| 1144 | .x(d => x(d.time)) |
||
| 1145 | .y0(height) |
||
| 1146 | .y1(d => y(d.value)) |
||
| 1147 | ); |
||
| 1148 | |||
| 1149 | // 填充后十个时间段的红色区域 |
||
| 1150 | svg.append("path") |
||
| 1151 | .datum(last10) |
||
| 1152 | .attr("fill", "red") |
||
| 1153 | .attr("opacity", 0.3) |
||
| 1154 | .attr("d", d3.area() |
||
| 1155 | .x(d => x(d.time)) |
||
| 1156 | .y0(height) |
||
| 1157 | .y1(d => y(d.value)) |
||
| 1158 | ); |
||
| 1159 | |||
| 1160 | // 添加悬停交互 |
||
| 1161 | const tooltip = d3.select("#tooltip"); |
||
| 1162 | |||
| 1163 | svg.selectAll(".dot") |
||
| 1164 | .data(data) |
||
| 1165 | .enter() |
||
| 1166 | .append("circle") |
||
| 1167 | .attr("class", "dot") |
||
| 1168 | .attr("cx", d => x(d.time)) |
||
| 1169 | .attr("cy", d => y(d.value)) |
||
| 1170 | .attr("r", 5) |
||
| 1171 | .attr("fill", "steelblue") |
||
| 1172 | .on("mouseover", (event, d) => { |
||
| 1173 | tooltip.style("opacity", 1) |
||
| 1174 | .html(`时间: ${d3.timeFormat("%Y-%m-%d")(d.time)}<br>数值: ${d.value}<br>说明: ${d.description}`) |
||
| 1175 | .style("left", `${event.pageX + 5}px`) |
||
| 1176 | .style("top", `${event.pageY - 20}px`); |
||
| 1177 | }) |
||
| 1178 | .on("mouseout", () => { |
||
| 1179 | tooltip.style("opacity", 0); |
||
| 1180 | }); |
||
| 1181 | </script> |
||
| 1182 | </body> |
||
| 1183 | </html> |
||
| 1184 | 6 | jun chen | ``` |
| 1185 | |||
| 1186 | 1 | jun chen | }} |
| 1187 | 13 | jun chen | |
| 1188 | 1 | jun chen | ### JavaScript + Plotly（纯前端实现） |
| 1189 | 8 | jun chen | |
| 1190 | {{collapse(show code...) |
||
| 1191 | 1 | jun chen | |
| 1192 | ```html |
||
| 1193 | <!DOCTYPE html> |
||
| 1194 | <html> |
||
| 1195 | <head> |
||
| 1196 | <title>交互式图表</title> |
||
| 1197 | <!-- 引入 Plotly.js --> |
||
| 1198 | <script src="https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-2.24.1.min.js"></script> |
||
| 1199 | </head> |
||
| 1200 | <body> |
||
| 1201 | <div id="chart"></div> |
||
| 1202 | |||
| 1203 | <script> |
||
| 1204 | // 读取CSV文件（假设文件名为 data.csv） |
||
| 1205 | fetch('data.csv') |
||
| 1206 | .then(response => response.text()) |
||
| 1207 | .then(csvText => { |
||
| 1208 | // 解析CSV数据 |
||
| 1209 | const rows = csvText.split('\n'); |
||
| 1210 | const x = [], y = []; |
||
| 1211 | rows.forEach((row, index) => { |
||
| 1212 | if (index === 0) return; // 跳过标题行 |
||
| 1213 | const [xVal, yVal] = row.split(','); |
||
| 1214 | x.push(parseFloat(xVal)); |
||
| 1215 | y.push(parseFloat(yVal)); |
||
| 1216 | }); |
||
| 1217 | |||
| 1218 | // 绘制图表 |
||
| 1219 | Plotly.newPlot('chart', [{ |
||
| 1220 | x: x, |
||
| 1221 | y: y, |
||
| 1222 | type: 'scatter', |
||
| 1223 | mode: 'lines+markers', |
||
| 1224 | marker: { color: 'blue' }, |
||
| 1225 | line: { shape: 'spline' } |
||
| 1226 | }], { |
||
| 1227 | title: '交互式数据图表', |
||
| 1228 | xaxis: { title: 'X轴' }, |
||
| 1229 | yaxis: { title: 'Y轴' }, |
||
| 1230 | hovermode: 'closest' |
||
| 1231 | }); |
||
| 1232 | }); |
||
| 1233 | </script> |
||
| 1234 | </body> |
||
| 1235 | </html> |
||
| 1236 | 8 | jun chen | ``` |
| 1237 | 1 | jun chen | }} |
| 1238 | |||
| 1239 | #### 使用步骤： |
||
| 1240 | 1. 将CSV文件命名为 `data.csv`，格式如下： |
||
| 1241 | ```csv |
||
| 1242 | x,y |
||
| 1243 | 1,5 |
||
| 1244 | 2,3 |
||
| 1245 | 3,7 |
||
| 1246 | 4,2 |
||
| 1247 | 5,8 |
||
| 1248 | ``` |
||
| 1249 | 2. 将HTML文件和 `data.csv` 放在同一目录下，用浏览器打开HTML文件。 |
||
| 1250 | 3. 效果：支持**缩放、悬停显示数值、拖拽平移**等交互。 |
||
| 1251 | |||
| 1252 | --- |
||
| 1253 | 14 | jun chen | |
| 1254 | 1 | jun chen | ### Python + Plotly（生成独立HTML文件） |
| 1255 | #### 特点：适合Python用户，自动化生成图表文件。 |
||
| 1256 | 9 | jun chen | |
| 1257 | 1 | jun chen | {{collapse(show code...) |
| 1258 | ```python |
||
| 1259 | import pandas as pd |
||
| 1260 | import plotly.express as px |
||
| 1261 | |||
| 1262 | # 1. 读取CSV文件 |
||
| 1263 | df = pd.read_csv("data.csv") |
||
| 1264 | |||
| 1265 | # 2. 创建交互式图表 |
||
| 1266 | fig = px.line( |
||
| 1267 | df, x='x', y='y', |
||
| 1268 | title='Python生成的交互式图表', |
||
| 1269 | markers=True, # 显示数据点 |
||
| 1270 | line_shape='spline' # 平滑曲线 |
||
| 1271 | ) |
||
| 1272 | |||
| 1273 | # 3. 自定义悬停效果和样式 |
||
| 1274 | fig.update_traces( |
||
| 1275 | hoverinfo='x+y', # 悬停显示x和y值 |
||
| 1276 | line=dict(width=2, color='royalblue'), |
||
| 1277 | marker=dict(size=8, color='firebrick') |
||
| 1278 | ) |
||
| 1279 | |||
| 1280 | # 4. 保存为HTML文件 |
||
| 1281 | fig.write_html("interactive_chart.html") |
||
| 1282 | ``` |
||
| 1283 | }} |
||
| 1284 | |||
| 1285 | #### 使用步骤： |
||
| 1286 | 1. 安装依赖： |
||
| 1287 | ```bash |
||
| 1288 | pip install pandas plotly |
||
| 1289 | ``` |
||
| 1290 | 2. 运行代码后，生成 `interactive_chart.html`，用浏览器打开即可看到图表。 |
||
| 1291 | |||
| 1292 | ### **进阶方案（可选）** |
||
| 1293 | 11 | jun chen | 1. **动态数据加载**（JavaScript）： |
| 1294 | |||
| 1295 | 1 | jun chen | {{collapse(View details...) |
| 1296 | ```html |
||
| 1297 | <input type="file" id="csvFile" accept=".csv"> |
||
| 1298 | <div id="chart"></div> |
||
| 1299 | <script> |
||
| 1300 | document.getElementById('csvFile').addEventListener('change', function(e) { |
||
| 1301 | const file = e.target.files[0]; |
||
| 1302 | const reader = new FileReader(); |
||
| 1303 | reader.onload = function(e) { |
||
| 1304 | // 解析并绘制图表（代码同方法一） |
||
| 1305 | }; |
||
| 1306 | reader.readAsText(file); |
||
| 1307 | }); |
||
| 1308 | </script> |
||
| 1309 | 11 | jun chen | ``` |
| 1310 | 1 | jun chen | }} |
| 1311 | - 用户可上传任意CSV文件，实时生成图表。 |
||
| 1312 | 11 | jun chen | |
| 1313 | 1 | jun chen | |
| 1314 | 11 | jun chen | 2. **添加控件**（Python + Dash）： |
| 1315 | 1 | jun chen | {{collapse(View details...) |
| 1316 | ```python |
||
| 1317 | from dash import Dash, dcc, html |
||
| 1318 | import pandas as pd |
||
| 1319 | import plotly.express as px |
||
| 1320 | |||
| 1321 | app = Dash(__name__) |
||
| 1322 | df = pd.read_csv("data.csv") |
||
| 1323 | |||
| 1324 | app.layout = html.Div([ |
||
| 1325 | dcc.Graph( |
||
| 1326 | id='live-chart', |
||
| 1327 | figure=px.scatter(df, x='x', y='y', title='Dash动态图表') |
||
| 1328 | ), |
||
| 1329 | html.Button('更新数据', id='update-button') |
||
| 1330 | ]) |
||
| 1331 | |||
| 1332 | if __name__ == '__main__': |
||
| 1333 | app.run_server(debug=True) |
||
| 1334 | 11 | jun chen | ``` |
| 1335 | }} |
||
| 1336 | 1 | jun chen | |
| 1337 | - 运行后访问 `http://localhost:8050`，支持动态交互和按钮触发操作。 |
||
| 1338 | |||
| 1339 | --- |